Every day we are exposed to and even consume carcinogens and mutagens such as caffeine, UV radiation, industrial pollutants, pesticides, food additives, and natural substances such as tobacco. Caffeine is known to be mutagenic to bacteria and fungi and can be mutagenic to mammalian cells...
Introduction Protein is an indispensable supplement required for structure, keeping up, and fixing tissues, cells, and organs all through the body. When you eat protein, it is separated into the 20 amino acids that are the body's essential structure obstructs for development and vitality. The...
Abstract Albumin is a protein found in egg white. Serum albumin is the most abundant protein in human blood and is the same type but in a different category as egg white albumin. Egg white albumin is disintegrated in the stomach by an enzyme called...
Introduction Protein Kinase and Apoptosis: A kinase is an enzyme serves as catalyst which facilitates the transfer of phosphate groups from high-energy, phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation, where the substrate gains a phosphate group (and become phosphorylated substrate) and...
Alkier et al. (1972) concluded that protein content and yield of wheat usually increased with increases in the quantity of nitrate nitrogen present within the soil. Large increases in yield were obtained when 34 or 67 kg N ha-1was broadcasted to non-fallow land at time...
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An Introduction to Fats, Proteins (and Carbs!) As a result of living, our bodies require compounds to rebuild itself as we break ourselves, but to rebuild ourselves we need a source of energy, and to ensure that energy isn’t depleted: a reserve source of energy....
GABA receptors and G protein-coupled receptors for Îł-aminobutyric acid, are both inhibitory neurotransmitters that play significant roles in maintaining various neural pathways in the Central Nervous System, or CNS. Three members of the KCTD family, a potassium (K+) channel tetramerization domain, are primarily responsible for...
Molecular Biology is the study of cellular biology on a molecular level which is where DNA molecules are, which is what give people their heredity. DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic acid, has two strands that is called the double helix. Each strand is a sugar phosphate back...
Introduction Enzymes work as catalysts, which are substances that speed up chemical reactions. Enzymes are proteins and their shape determines the specificity of the enzyme, as well as plays an important part in its catalytic activity. (Catalase Lab, May 1, 2011). This means that there...
The calpain system Calpains are a well-conserved family of intracellular cysteine proteases that were first described in 1964. Fourteen different isoforms of calpain have been identified by the presence of protease domains. These include micro-calpains (µ-calpains) and milli calpains (m-calpains). µ-calpains are the most extensively...
Cysteine proteases (CysPs) are ubiquitous proteolytic proteins found in organisms ranging from viruses. bacteria, fungi, to plants and animals. In plants, CysPs are the most abundant protease type that can be grouped in 10 clans subdivided into 15 families. Among these, the CD clan is...
Both the consumption and production of meat is one of the most controversial food issues today. Many have already changed their eating habits to a non meat diet for many reasons including personal preference, health concerns, weight management, environmental worries, and money. Another issue that...
Genomics is not well defined as a term but it can refer to analysis of the whole genome but it can also mean analysis of multiple genes, gene products or regions of genes. This is an important research field when studying natural products and can...