Abstract Bacterial persister cells constitute a subpopulation of genetically identical, metabolically slow-growing cells that are highly tolerant of antibiotics and other environmental stress conditions. Studies have demonstrated that gene loci known as toxin-antitoxin (TA) system play a central role in the persister state. Under normal…
Some organisms are inherently resistant to an antimicrobial compound or drug due to simply lacking the target site it acts upon or because of an inability for that agent to accumulate to a biologically effective concentration. Intrinsic resistance may occur because of exposure to the…
Introduction: Nitrogenous waste is voided in various forms in different types of species as ammonia, urea and uric acid. Birds are for the most part accepted in all circumstances as uricotelic. Uricotelic discharge over half of their nitrogenous squanders as uric corrosives and uric salts…
Pharmacogenetics has the capability of having a key role in the delivery of personalised medicine based on the genotypic and/or phenotypic data of a patient. However, there are substantial differences in the pharmacokinetics of therapeutics that, in some cases, may be due to the microbiome…
Purpose In this experiment five different samples from the environment are collected and cultivated to examine the microorganisms present in the immediate environment. The samples taken were from a door handle, foot, the inside of an incubator, a forehead, and a sink handle. The samples…
Introduction Salmonella is a bacteria that infects intestinal tract. It consists of a group of bacteria that leads to typhoid fever, gastroenteritis, enteric fever, and food poisoning. Naturally, the bacteria are rod-shaped, gram-negative and with a cell composed of peptidoglycan. In Microbiology, gram-negative is a…
Mycoplasma is a bacterial species that has no cell wall around its cell membrane (Beachey, 2015). Thus, due to the lack of a cell membrane, they are not affected by antibiotics such as penicillin and beta-lactam, which normally targets synthesis of the cell wall. Consequently,…
Introduction The identification of bacteria, or what Steel refers to as the practical application of taxonic knowledge, is vital and pertinent to an array of fields (Steel 1965). Identifying bacteria can aid epidemiologists in tracing the sources of infections and addressing these sources to prevent…
Water Coliform Contamination Assignment Introduction Coliform bacteria, a type of bacteria found in soil, vegetation, and in the feces of animals and humans, are often used to gauge water supply contamination by intestinal parasites and pathogens (Treyens 2009). Although there are multiple means by which…
National Action Plan For Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Introduction Since the discovery of penicillin, Antibiotics continues to play a crucial role in the healthcare sector by saving millions of lives of over the world. It is therefore disturbing to realize that some bacteria are becoming drug…
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