Hypertension is one of the most prevalent conditions affecting people in the 21st century, it is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in the western world and when left untreated can cause serious effects to a person’s quality of life. Hypertension can act as...
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies from urinary of nephritic rats were collected, purified, and then injected into normal inbred WKY/NCrj recipient rats.by the day 2 and the day 3 Haematuria and proteinuria respectively appeared. The first histological change, which was observed and was the same as...
Zika is compacted as ZIKV is an arthropod virus that includes flaviviridae. It was initially selected from non-human living body. ZIKV got spread by stinging of mosquitoe. Since half a century ZIKV remain occasional later on it got fame in America. ZIKV clinical researches aren’t...
In the past, a number of diseases caused a significant amount of suffering and death. Polio, measles, tetanus, smallpox, pertussis, mumps and rubella are among the list of diseases that have plagued mankind for generations. Over the last 100 years, advances in medical science have...
Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a large, double stranded DNA virus that infects many tissues of the human body (Whitley and Roizman, 2001). Most common are the oral cavity and genital regions, where it causes cold sores and genital lesions, while less common tissues...
If we break the term down into its’ components, ‘rheumatoid’ comes from the word rheumatism which is a musculoskeletal illness; ‘arthr-’ refers to joints and ‘-itis’ refers to the inflammation in joints, muscles and surrounding tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder which mainly...
Abstract According to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) the vast majority of people in the United States is estimated to be around one million people, mainly women, who are living with multiple sclerosis (MS). The lives of these people have changed forever and there...
Selection is frequency-dependent when the fitness of a phenotype, genotype, or gene (or species) varies with its relative abundance in the population (or community) and hence can be detected only when measured at two or more frequencies. In “negative frequency-dependent selection,” fitness decreases with frequency...
Immunization not only safeguards a person, but also safeguards those in the general public by expanding the general proportion of protection in the community and therefore reducing the expansion of infection (Ministry of Health, 2015). For this reason, Fiji introduced the Expanded Program on Immunization,...
This virus attacks the body’s immune system. HIV has affected many States worldwide. Texas is one of the states that have been affected by this virus. To understand the impact that HV has on this state, it will be beneficial to know the background of...
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, that causes impaired social interaction, and restrictive and repetitive behavior. Vaccines are important because if a child does not get vaccinated, gets exposed, the child’s body may not be strong enough to fight off those germs and the child may...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus, otherwise known as HIV is a virus that causes and infection and overtime would then cause AIDS. HIV is a retrovirus that infects the vital organs and cells of the human immune system. HIV can be transmitted through sexual transmission, perinatal transmission...
Introduction This review illustrates the life cycle of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) protein. IL-1 beta is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in immune response. Immune system is the body’s response to the pathological change or the antigen. It can be divided...
The immune system is important for the human body because it can detect and remove abnormal cells. A macrophage is considered to be a leukocyte, which is a type of white blood cells. Macrophages play a major role in facilitating cancer progression, leading to the...
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