Globalization and International Free Trade

There are various kinds of view on globalization and international free trade. Ritzer and Dean (2015, p.2) defined the globalization as “a transplanetary process” which means a set of processes can increase liquidity and the multidirectional flows of people, objects, places and information. Nowadays, people are involved in the global networks through social structures and relationships as well as countries are more preferable to use an open economy system to increase their living standards and income levels. Hills (2011, p.172) found that countries which are operating free trade and international management system have higher economic growth rate than others. Research carried out by Milanovic (2015, p.197) showed that there are three different concepts of global inequality between nations of the world such as China and United Stated.

These concepts indicate that the calculation of country’s average income and actual incomes of individuals are divided by three levels which are rich, middle and poor countries. According to the research, each person of both United Stated and China does not have the average income level of their countries which is showing the calculation of global income level based on individuals is unstable. For example, the poorest person might be from middle-income country while compatriot is the second richest (Milanovic, 2015, p.197). To increase country’s economy and living standard, domestic regulatory policy and trade negotiation are also important sectors. Singham (2017, p.28) suggests six key steps to spread prosperity but also to reduce poverty between UK and EU markets.

These steps include engagement with the world after UK left the EU, clear understanding of trade negotiation across borders, government must ensure free trade works are favourable for the British people, emphasis on independent trade policies, comprehensible language in trade negotiations and taking opportunities that export offers. On the other hand, globalization can increase gender oppression and capitalism, for instance, unrecognised women labour, inequitable job position and lower income level. Gardner (2000, p.18) argued that globalization is unfair and unacceptable politically that can be handled effectively only at the international level; otherwise, its benefits and opportunities are captured by a privileged few. Briefly, the writer proposed that globalization is a complicated and influential structure which cannot be controlled or stopped but we can handle its malfunctions and produce benefits in future (Gardner, 2000, p.18).