Dreams are a projection of your memory in the most basic manner you remember them. We think and then we take decisions. Thinking always happens in the memory. We try to search for the most relatable content in our memory according to the situation we are facing. Then we apply that theory of ours to the problem, and find our own solution. This is the same thing that happens when we are dreaming. We are continuously thinking about a memory. The only difference here is, the mind that thinks about the present situation, whatever happens when we are awake, rests; and is in a very vivid state to function. Since it is adapted to work only when the body is awake. Then there is one more part of the brain which thinks about the things that are not happening at present. It thinks about thoughts and relates them with memories. It acts as a link to import and export thoughts to and from your concious brain and subconscious brain. Let's call it para concious. It's a permanent system that never sleeps.
Let's consider it as an ever functioning body in the whole universe as for now and para conciousness of all the things present, living or non living, is an omnipresent structure that is creating new thoughts everytime in this world. We will talk about para consiousness later. There is a link between the a real world, the outside, and your brain, the inside. This link is always open. Both, the concious and the subconcious mind are connected to this link and recieve information. When your concious brain is connected to it, it brings the information in your 'vessel of decision', where you analys them and perform actions according to the decision you made. This vessel is connected to the area where the perception works. Perception admits thoughts into your brain in the form of visuals, sounds and other thoughts too. This area, you call it as reality. That means whatever happening here is real. At least your perception thinks that.
Basically, every thought first passes through conciousness and then goes to perception to perform operations on it. Analysis of it, that how functional can it be in your life. Life is the overall building of thoughts over the years. Then thoughts are sent back to conciousness to be performed and then they again come back to the perception as reality. So, it's a spiral process in a way.
Even if your concious mind is not connected to the link, the subconcious mind is always connected. Either your concious brain is taking a rest as you are currently sleeping, or you might be under influence of any foreign substance, but you are continuously recieving new data. If the conciousness is not active, then sometimes, the thoughts start flowing directly in the reality chamber. Because there has been no barrier left to stop them from flowing in. Now, perception is recieving them as untreated. But he has been told that whatever comes here is considered by the conciousness as reality. This is also known as hallucination. So let's analys them. When he founds something which doesn't look real to him, or which contradicts the possibilities set in the brainworld, he tries to inform the conciousness to review the thought. Sometimes he becomes successful, and that makes the concious brain functioning again. As soon as it becomes functional, a concious boost erupts from it, erasing all the non influential, weak thoughts and barricading the link to include thoughts. It doesn't start processing them as soon, though. And this is where the dream stops.
Sometimes the perception fails to contact conciousness. It doesn't become active. Now, thoughts are analysed and ready to become reality. There is no one to test them. So, perception is forced to put them in the reality chamber. However, he keeps the record of the thoughts flowing into it, and informs the concious brain about them, once they rendezvous. It helps conciousness to analyse that it was just a dream. Things happening there are not real. But, the time that the 'unreal' thought spends in the reality chamber, it spends it as being real. And this reality chamber is continuously been watched by the eyes of the brain. Every kind of eye in our body is connected to the major functioning element in our body, i.e. brain. The brain never sleeps either. Same as para conciousness. So the main bodies that are controlling everything in our body are, in order of their superiority.
Para Consciousness becomes the secondary unit when the consciousness is sleeping or resting. Sometimes the perception succeeds in alarming the consciousness about any suspicious activity happening, but the brain is not bothered or fails to get bothered. Then, knowing that this is a dream, we don't wake up. This is commonly known as lucidly dreaming. Some people confuse them with sleeptime hallucinations as well. It looks more real than just thoughts. The concious mind can't mould them. And the brain is forced to believe, it's true, even if it can't happen. There's a difference between 'can't happen' and 'has not happened'. Some things have not happened yet, but are possible, and some things are not possible at all for you. When things which are possible, but have not happened yet, start happening in the reality chamber, it thrills the brain.
When things that are not possible at all start happening in the reality chamber, it makes the brain fear that he is losing control of the body. He knows it's not real, but can't communicate with the conciousness to tell him that it's not, and the thought appear so real, that it gets controlled but the subconscious mind, with the help of para consciousness and this state is also know as sleep paralysis. Where your brain tries to wake up, but your consciousness is still sleeping. And fails to work, it starts seeing and hearing things which are happening in the reality chamber, as things which are actually happening. It doesn't feel to him anymore that it is happening inside its own system. It feels like alien information to him. Something which he is not aware of. Something which he has never seen before. Something, which is real!
It thrills and scares the brain at the same time, and sometimes, in extreme cases, it collapses. The link between the function and time gets cut and there becomes no sense of happening, growth, future, past, or what we think is present, no memories, because now you can't measure your thoughts on the scale of time, as to tell how old they are. You are declared as medically dead. It also happens under extreme case of pain, blood loss, or organ faliures. When consciousness fails, most of the voluntary and involuntary organs fail with it. And processes like breathing, hseeing, hearing, movement of muscles, etc. stop functioning, or become very dull. As they're in sleep, sometimes more. But since your body gets activated when certain reactions take place in your brain due to the unexpected element, it requires more energy. When it doesn't get the energy support from its own system, the brain can't handle it and collapses.
Thoughts gets juxtaposed in the reality chamber in the form of a very low density, thin fluid. They don't appear as they were in the subconscious state. Where they were already mixed, once. So, this juxtaposition makes them typically unknown for us, but actually we are only seeing things that we already know about. This is what dream is.
Now, the real time thoughts are also flowing through the vividly stable concious mind sometimes. Things happening around us in the real time when we are sleeping also affect our dreams. Sometimes we see, hear, or feel things or similar to that are really happening around us. This happens when our consciousness start becoming stable and start perceiving things from the outside world, yet fail to filter them before proceeding them to the perception. So, the thoughts already in the chamber, which came from the subconscious mind, and thoughts on things happening around in real time, get mixed together, and are balanced according to our perception. In a way, you can say that perception's job to create the dream and arrange things in it.
Where do the thoughts go once they have already entered our head? Whatever we see happening in front of us, or hear, or feel by touch, automatically becomes the reality for us. The conciousness is always collecting data from our senses, both external and internal. Then it provides all this data in the raw format to para conciousness to analyse them while it is collecting more information. Since conciousness and para conciousness are two parts of the same body, hence workability of both gets affected if one is doing something. Para conciousness often gets less affected because it's job is to analyse data provided to it and refine the perception. While it is working more intensely, the conciousness start getting affected and some data gets lost. While the conciousness is working heavily, the para conciousness starts getting affected and the data analysis often results not much productive or wrong.
These thoughts, after being analysed by the para conciousness, are moved to the perception as the understanding of the person. These thoughts refine perception. In a way, they make it more skilled. The more knowledge a perception has in the form of thoughts, more tangible it gets. When no new thoughts are provided to it, and same old thoughts are over analysed, it starts becoming harder to be bent. The remaining thoughts are then immidiately collected by the subconscious mind. Remaining are those which failed to be qualified as those who would refine the perception. The qualified thoughts are also stored in the subconcious mind, but after processing them and relating them with a relevance. It's like providing them with an identity, so that when you need them later, it won't be hard for you to look for them.
Thoughts of all kinds appear in dreams. Both, with and without the relevance, but there is a much higher possibility that a relevant thought would frame the whole dream.
Although, each and every thought in our mind has some relevance that is why it is there. But then, there are some personally relevant thoughts which had a greater impact on our perception. So those are the prominent thoughts that we keep thinking about even when we are awake. The para concious mind tends to relate the recieved information to the stored thoughts in order to understand it and convert it into another thought. When no relevance is found, that information is simply put with some relevant information in order to get remembered by brain. But if the information is not 'interesting' enough for the brain, it simply gets mixed with the prominent thoughts. They never get deleted. They might be pushed in the last corner of the brain, but they are there, till the space starts getting shortened. They might prove useful when needed. This is why we forget things sometimes. Because we didn't prioritise them.
Coming back to dreams, most of the times, dreams are uncontrolled; although their flow is continuously been controlled by our own brain, however, their composition doesn't look so controlled. It depends on our priority of thoughts, but not fully controlled. All the internal and external factors that affect it are even more responsible for it's formation. Sometimes, it seems to have a certain control over our actions in the dream. This happens mostly in cases where the person knows he is dreaming and the concious mind is capable enough to make decisions. This is the same way we control our thoughts. Thoughts are always thought by the para conciousness and controlled by the conciousness. Dream is a mixture of thoughts thought by the para conciousness. The origin of those thoughts might be the outer world or our own subconciousness or conciousness. When these thoughts are not controlled, they flow in their own form, freely. When they become intense enough to cover the sense of reality, they themselves start to appear real.
Yet, they are still too much tangled to be real. That's why when something extraordinary starts happening in the dream, which is unwanted or wanted in extremity by the person, it starts waking up the conciousness. 'This can't happen in the real world'. Because in the real world, everything looks detangled, smooth and clear. While the structure of dreams are totally different. If the brain learns how to detangle the thoughts in the brain, and how to compose them together, forming a meaningful story, then dreams can prove to be very productive. People say dreams predict future. I'd say, dreams can calculate the upcoming events based on the daily life incidents and the emotions related to them, if controlled well. We don't know how to control the thoughts flowing in a particular manner, yet sometimes they do get controlled by the brain, resulting in realistic dreams related in some way or the other to any future happenings.
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