Different Perspectives in Modern Psychology: an Overview

Psychology encompasses the scientific study of the mind and brain, exploring the intricacies of human cognition, emotion, and behavior. This essay provides an overview of the different perspectives in modern psychology, each offering unique insights into the functioning of the mind and its manifestations in behavior. These perspectives aim to unravel the underlying reasons behind the complexities of human thought processes and behavioral patterns.

The Major Perspectives in Modern Psychology

The first approach to modern psychology is the behavioral perspective. The behavioral perspective focuses on the influence of the environment on behavior. Often, individuals may not even consciously perceive these influences. For instance, in the context of driving, people effortlessly follow light signals and street lines without consciously attending to them. This perspective highlights the significance of conditioning and training in shaping behavior, illustrating how individuals are socialized to act in specific ways.

Another approach is the biological perspective. The biological perspective emphasizes the examination of specific physiological components to understand behavioral patterns. Psychobiologists, for example, investigate the brain's functioning to ascertain one's mental state and determine the causes of specific behaviors. Similarly, the study of nerves allows for insights into the origins of thoughts, actions, and moods. This approach proves particularly valuable in investigating conditions or disorders whose etiology is not yet fully understood, such as hysteria, which involves uncontrolled emotions.

The third approach to modern psychology is the cognitive perspective. The cognitive perspective integrates various approaches and focuses on the role of expectations and internal instincts in shaping behavior. While drawing from the behavioral approach, this perspective shifts the emphasis from environmental influences to individual cognition. It posits that prior knowledge and internal instincts play a significant role in determining behavior. For instance, when individuals experience a negative intuition about a situation, it is their cognitive instinct at work.

The last perspective discissed in this essay is the psychodynamic approach. The psychodynamic approach, introduced by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the impact of past experiences on present behavior. According to Freud, all current actions stem from past experiences, which shape individuals into who they are. This led to the development of psychoanalysis, a theory used to treat mental disorders by delving into the interplay between conscious and unconscious elements. Unconscious thoughts, such as dreams, are regarded as valuable avenues for exploring the human psyche.

Conclusion

Modern psychology encompasses various perspectives, each contributing valuable insights to the field. While not an exhaustive list, the behavioral, biological, cognitive, and psychodynamic approaches discussed in this essay shed light on fundamental aspects of human cognition and behavior. These perspectives provide distinct lenses through which we can comprehend and navigate the complexities of the human mind. Understanding and applying these perspectives broadens our understanding of psychology's relevance in contemporary society and facilitates the development of novel ideas and practical applications.