Application of Crowd Management Systems in Providing Safety to People

Introduction

In view of the enormous developments in the world, and the consequent number of conferences, festivals and international exhibitions, the number of visitors has been steadily increasing which causes problems of suffocation and congestion. It becomes necessary to find means and programs to manage crowds in a safety and easy way. This is a difficult mission that requires a lot of money and efforts. All these studies take into consideration the safety of people from accidents. This project is to prevent or at least minimize congestion problems and improve safety. In this project we use a sensor that works Infrared because it is effective and detects the presence of a person, in which we store the room capacity. It calculates persons passing through the door. When it reaches the number of place capacity, the sensor gives an alarm to close the door electronically. It also gives a gradual alert to the number of people who have entered and the remaining persons. So, the possibility of accidents at doors is nearly zero.

We hope this project will be a fundamental factor for safety improvement in crowd management.The contents of the proposal. The Section Background, we will discuss research and studies that focus on handling crowd management in different ways. The Section Aims and Objectives, the objectives we will achieve during the project. The Section Methodology, the procedures or the technology to use in order to solve the problem. The Section Project Requirement, requirements for software, hardware and technical skills. The Section Project Timeline, estimated time for each phase of the project. The Section Team Qualifications, skills and experience for the team.

Background

There is a lot of research and studies that focus on handling crowd management in different ways. Some studies use Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology [1,2,4]. Others use wireless to reduce crowd management problems [1,4] or use Internet of things (IOT) to solve congestion problems at low cost based on the Internet of things [3]. All these studies take into consideration the safety of people from accidents. Among those who used Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) [4], they used WSN to monitor and manage the crowd in Arafat area because it is a very large geographic region and required a large number of devices/equipment consequently great efforts and high cost. These research works to protect the crowds during the event and there may be congestion and suffocation but, in our research, we will prevent any Crowding. In our project we will use a few devices in a small area just in a gate therefore wire sensor network is appropriate and low-cost. In the last paper they used a set of algorithms to count the flow of crowds through video analysis [5]. This method may not be effective and fast in some cases such as night or when the person is not in the video frame and then it must be deploy a large number of cameras to follow the crowd and count them and this will raise the cost and effort while we propose in our project put the device in one place to count the crowds.We used a human sensor to be more accurate

Aims and Objectives

Crowds are a huge number of people in one place at the same time. It is so difficult to manage these crowds and organize them to ensure their safety. Therefore, the Crowds management system is essential for the safety of people. In this semester, we will be searched about the previous research and studies for knowledge acquisition for the project. In next semester, just implementation and testing for the project. The project aims to control large numbers of people and prevent congestion and suffocation before it occurs, or at least reduce it. It organizes crowds and makes entering for huge numbers of persons easier. It provides statistics for the number of people who have visited the place. It also provides a gradual alert to the number of persons who have entered and the remaining numbers. E.g. 70% entered, 30% available. We hope this project increases safety and reduces disasters.

Methodology

We will be using the gate (AK9753) sensor; because it senses just person and direction and we can get it from an online store. The sensor module consists of Nondispersive Infrared (NDIR) and compact Infrared-Ray (IR) sensor. Outputs are read from 200 (no person) -1500 and vary depending on the temperature and surrounding environment and whether there is a person or not [6]. Arduino UNO for controlling the sensor is a hardware prototype, open source platform it can read input and return them on result and can be programmed by Arduino language [7]. UNO reads input from AK9753 then it decreases the number of places to close the gate, the place capacity is entered number when programmed. The exit gate it's like an entry gate in work but it increases the number of places to allow another person to enter.

Team Qualifications

• Lojain Aldossary
• Sara Alomar
• Shatha Almoqbel

Team skills

• General physics
• Digital design
• Project management
• General physics
• Digital design
• Project management
• General physics
• Digital design
• Project management

Soft skills

• Communication skill
• Work ethic
• Flexibility
• Listening
• Problem solving

Responsibility

• Worked hard
• Team work
• Respectfulness
• Time management
• Collaboration
• Leadership
• Organizational skill
• Collaboration
• Self-management
• Creativity
• Problem solving

Work ethic

• Flexibility
• Listening
• Responsibility
• Worked hard
• Team work
• Respectfulness
• Communication skills
• Time management
• Decision making
• Teamwork
• Collaboration
• Worked hard
• Respectfulness

Technical skills

• Programming languages ( Java & C++)
• Microsoft office· hobby in Information Security· Research writing
• Windows & Linux· SQL
• Programming languages ( Java & C++)· Hobby in hardware works
• Microsoft office· Research writing
• Windows & Linux
• SQL
• Programming languages ( Java & C++)
• Microsoft office
• Social media experience
• Research writing
• Windows & Linux
• SQL

Conclusion

Crowd management is considered to be an important field for researchers to ensure the safety of people during gatherings. We proposed a crowd management system in places as conferences, events and exhibitions in order to increase and improve safety. In this proposal, we use a sensor that works Infrared because it is effective and detects the presence of a person, in which we store the room capacity. It calculates persons passing through the door. When it reaches the number of place capacity, the sensor gives an alarm to close the door electronically. It also gives a gradual alert to the number of people who have entered and the remaining persons. This proposal will prevent congestion and provide statistics of the number of visitors to such a place.

References

1. M. Yamin and Y. Ades, "Crowd management with RFID and wireless technologies", First International Conference on Networks & Communications, India, 2009, pp. 439-442.
2. A. Abidin, D. Lai and S. Chowdhary, "Advanced crowd management using ICT for just in time monitoring and real time alerts", 7thInternational Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering - Confluence, India, 2017, pp. 708-713.
3. S. Vidyasagaran , S. Renuga Devi , A. Varma , A. Rajesh and H. Charan , " A low cost IoT based crowd management system for public transport ", 2017 International Conference on Inventive Computing and Informatics (ICICI), Coimbatore, India, 2017, pp. 222-225.
4. M. Ahmed and S. Hashish. “Efficient wireless sensor network rings overlay for crowd management in Arafat area of Makkah,” IEEE Conferences, 2015, pp. 1-6.
5. R. Liang, Y. Zhu, H. Wang, "Counting crowd flow based on feature points", Neurocomputing, vol. 133, pp. 377-384, 2014. Mouser.