Analysis of A High Nutrition Poison in the Body of Puffer Fish

Abstract

The scientific name of puffer fish is tetraodontidae. Puffer fish living in the estuary and the ocean. Puffer fish is a poisonous fish but can still be consumed, but after consumed this fish will be feel fever, nausea, throw up, even cause death. Poisonous in the puffer fish like a cyanide, but taste of puffer fish is so delicious more than salmon fish. Puffer fish will also not be toxic if the cooking process is done correctly. Japanese people really like consume puffer fish so much, because delicious taste of puffer fish. The body of puffer fish has a lot of throns. Poisonous of puffer fish came from food eaten in the sea or estuary. Many poisonous organisms make puffer fish consume it and become poisonous too. Puffer fish has high proteins, it makes puffer fish has a delicious taste.

Keywords: Fish, Poisonous, Cyanide, Salmon Fish

Preliminary

Indonesian as an archipelagic state has been recognized internationally (UNCLOS 1982), later ratified by Act 17 of 1985. Under UNCLOS 1982, the total maritime area of Indonesia is 5.9 million km2, consisting of 3.2 million km2 of territorial waters and 2.7 km2 of Economic Exclusive Zone (Zone Ekonomi Ekslusif), not including the continental shelf (Lasabuda, 2013). This makes Indonesia as the largest archipelagic state in the world. However, the development of marine and fisheries for this is still far from expectations, while large potential of natural resources and environmental services are relatively unexploited in coastal areas, small islands and ocean in Indonesian archipelago. Therefore, fisheries in indonesia not as advanced japanese country. A lot of ingredients of fisheries in indonesia has to export to japanese country, in the japanese country the ingredients very utilized so that japanese country more advanced than indonesia.

Puffer fish (tetraodontidae) in Indonesian is called “ikan buntal”. Puffer fish usually live on the reef, its behavior and habitat come from corals in the sea (Hamidah, 2017). but some are not on the reef including trigger fish and molas. Trigger fish and molas can live in the deep ocean. Puffer fish has a high nutritional value and very popular among some people. Japanese people like puffer fish so much. Puffer fish has high nutrition and delicious taste, more than salmon fish. The menu can be made like soup, steak, sushi and others. The price in the menu is not cheap. Consumers should pay 10.500 yen or 840.000 in rupiahs one meal (Pratama et al, 2014). One of them is pufferfish type Takifugu rubripes. T. rubripes has nutrient content in the meat, namely, water 78.9%, 16.5% protein, 0.7% fat, carbohydrate 2.5% and ash 1.4%.

Pufferfish is very well known for its toxicity, tetrodotoxin(TTX) (Kurniati et al, 2017) This toxins are toxins that are harmful to the body and there is no cure. The toxins are influenced by puffer fish food and the environment in these waters in the ocean. the type of puffer fish that is very popular and famous for being poisonous is banana puffer fish. Banana puffer fish has a higher content than other puffer fish. Banana puffer fish is very popular among fishermen because has a delicious taste. the content of tetrodotoxin in muscle tissue is still higher. Information about yields, nutritional and toxic content of puffer fish there are not many bananas in Indonesian waters studied. This study aims to examine yield, nutrient content and in vitro test banana puffer fish extract.

Materials and Method

The materials used in this study include: puffer fish. The ingredients used are aquadest, S, ethanol, acetic acid, sea water, and a phytochemical test material. The next step is to check the chemicals contained therein. (Wahyuni dan Affandi, 2017.)

Tetrodotoxin Ekstraks

The method used is to prepare pufferfish that have died, then wash them thoroughly and take them off and finely chop them using a sharp knife then mix deionized water and acetic acid. the mixture is left to stand for 10 hours at room temperature and after that filtered using nylon then filtrate and cool the mixture.

Fitokimia Analysis

Identification of fragmented although not fragmented tetrodotoxin compounds, compounds contained namely alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, benedic, biuret, molisch, and ninhydrin.

Results and Discussion

The results of the study stated that the addition of the length of puffer fish was faster than the body weight. this will affect the nutritional content and content of tetrodotoxin in his body. (Pratama et al, 2014) The head of a pufferfish is bigger than its body. however, the swollen fish head is not widely used so it does not have high economic value. Unlike the puffer fish meat. Puffer fish meat is very popular with many people because of its delicious and delicious taste so that it can attract all its customers.

Chemical Characteristics

The protein possessed by puffer fish is higher than that of other fish, this protein is a prima donna for its consumers. Puffer fish has a high content of glutamic acid. high glutamic acid makes the taste of fish meat very tasty and is liked by the community. Fat content in bloated fish is also very high, the fat can be used as fish oil regardless of the poison it has. Puffer fish skin is very elastic like an eel and has a lot of thorns (Sigit dan Affandi. 2017), but the skin can be used as fish gelatin and collagen.

Phitocimia Analysis

Value phytochemical tests that have toxic content from Tetraodon cutcutia puffer fish is his heart, because it has a positive value in the test of alkaloids and glycosides. Test results phytochemicals of banana puffer fish obtained from all testing of extracts of meat, offal and skin has a positive value for reagents alkaloids, while other reagents have negative value except meat extract in the test molisch. Phytochemical test results show that banana puffer fish meat has tetrodotoxin content but the amount not yet known.

Conclusion

Puffer fish is a fish that can be consumed but in the right way. Puffer fish can be toxic because they eat something poisonous and their environment is not supportive. The poison possessed by pufferfish is tetrodotoxin, the poison is a deadly poison. Poisons in puffer fish are mostly located in the kidneys. Puffer fish is usually consumed as soup, steak, sushi. head puffer, jeroa, skin, meat can be used properly. The protein possessed by puffer fish is higher than that of other fish, even salmon. Puffer fish has a very delicious taste, many people like to eat it.