Research on the Use of Banana Peels as an Alternative Floorwax

Acknowledgement

The analysts might want to recognize and express their most profound gratefulness to their selves who took an interest by gathering to complete the Investigatory Project. And furthermore, to our dearest gatekeepers who's been strong to proceed with our Research. The analyst might want to thank the connected science counsel Teacher Marzan who have been exceptionally steady and helping us to widen our insight about the point by giving her plans to improve our work. Finally, to our God who has been consistently there in times when we truly required him, for ensuring and managing the researchers to the right path that prompted to our achievement.

Dedication

This investigatory project is dedicated to ourselves who wanted to prove something, to our beloved teacher and classmates who’s been very supportive to pursue this investigatory. To our parents and siblings who always encourage us to do our best just to finish the work and lastly, we dedicate this to our almighty God, for the guidance, strength, power of mind, protection, skills and for giving us a healthy body during the process of doing the investigatory project.

Abstract

Thinking about an idea that what might be our primary theme for an investigatory project isn't that simple. We have to think this theme should be a successful one and valuable for the individuals who will utilize it. So to get a thought we chose to look through it on google and something draw in us which is the Banana peeling that can transform into an alternative floor wax. So beside it was not really our very own thought we attempt to make this in capable for us to know whether this is extremely a successful and genuine.

So we the researcher plan to conduct this study due to economic crisis nowadays. Its aim is to make a result of floor wax which is less expensive and could give a similar quality which the commercial one could give. But first, we should see whether the item was a successful as commercial one and if it can be tends to be utilized for various surfaces so the researcher led an analysis. With the materials: banana peeling, kerosene and candle.

Introduction

Rationale

This particular study determines the effectiveness of banana peeling as an alternative floor wax. This has been observed and examined by our group. For this reason, the researchers were able to know the factors on how effective are this than the commercial floor wax.

The discovery of banana peeling helps prevent pollution and help reduce the waste materials that cause our nature to have its revenge. It was demonstrated to our investigatory that it is more secure to utilize an alternative floor wax than commercial floor wax. Utilizing a banana peeling to an alternative floor wax these days are made to anticipate pollution as well as the ingredients make extraordinary unique and more advantageous for us who utilized it and scents it. And also, it will probably help economic crisis nowadays and we could buy a less expensive floor wax but could be a similar or better version of commercial floor wax.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this investigatory project means to see whether banana peeling can be transforms into an alternative floor wax.

Specifically, it aims to answer the questions:

a.) Would banana peeling be able to be an alternative source in making a floor wax?

b.) Is banana peel an effective floor wax?

Review Related Literatures

Banana is the common name for a fruit and also the herbaceous plants of the genus Musa which produce the commonly eaten fruit. They are native to the tropical region of Southeast Asia and Australia. Today, they are cultivated throughout the tropics. Banana plants are of the family Musaceae. They are cultivated primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent for the production of fibre and as ornamental plants. As the bananas are mainly tall, upright, and fairly sturdy, they are often mistaken for trees, when the truth is the main or upright stem is called a pseudostem, literally meaning 'fake stem', which for some species can obtain a height of up to 2–8 m, with leaves of up to 3.5 m in length. Each pseudostem would produce a bunch of yellow, green, or even red bananas before dying and being replaced by another pseudostem.

Banana leaves are widely used as plates and for lining cooking pits and for wrapping food for cooking or storage. A section of leaf often serves as an eye-shade. In Latin America, it is a common practice during rains to hold a banana leaf by the petiole, upside-down, over one's back as an 'umbrella' or 'raincoat'. The leaves of the 'Fehi' banana are used for thatching, packing, and cigarette wrappers. (https://hort.purdue.edu)

Musa sapientum (banana) peels have been used in conjunction with other substances to remedy the achy and painful symptoms of arthritis. They are composed of nutritive chemicals, minerals, and nonnutritive chemicals. Banana peels have both highly beneficial and highly dangerous constituents and can be manipulated to serve both as a remedy and a poison.

Mineral content in a banana peel is primarily consistent of potassium (78.10mg/g) and manganese (76.20mg/g). Other minerals present are sodium, calcium and iron at 24.30, 19.20 and 0.61 mg/g respectively. The peel’s high potassium content, if taken orally, aids in maintaining normal blood pressure. About 91.50 percent of a banana peel is organic nutrient matter consisting of lipids, proteins, crude fiber and carbohydrates. About 31.70 percent of total mass is fiber with carbohydrates accounting for 59 percent and protein and lipids accounting for 0.9 and 1.7 percents respectively. The high fiber content is useful as a natural laxative.

Phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) content of a banana peel is 0.28mg/g, lower than in most whole grains. The only risk associated with phytate and dietary consumption comes from a lack of it. Low phytate consumption increases risk for osteoporosis and adding it to the diet increases bone density. Saponins are known for their foaming property and are another potentially dangerous constituent of a banana peel. The levels are high in banana at 24 percent, greatly exceeding the 3.00 percent level marked safe for consumption by animals. Saponins consumption at high levels can paralyze the sensory system and are known to increase cholesterol production in the body.

Oxalates are organic acids associated with kidney disease and are known to decrease the absorption of minerals, such as calcium, in the body by binding with them decreasing their availability. Eighty percent of all kidney stones occurring in adults in the United States are calcium oxalate stones. The oxalate level in a banana peel is 0.51mg/g, which is low and relatively non-threatening.

Of the anti-nutritive constituents the most poisonous is hydrogen cyanide. It is present in the peel at 1.33mg/g. The chemical can cause immediate death if taken in high dosages and in small dosages may cause stiffening of the throat and chest, heart palpitations and weak muscles. Amounts in a peel fall into the 0.5 to 3.5mg/g safe range.

Kerosene is a flammable liquid mixture of chemicals that are produced in the distillation of crude oil. To produce kerosene, crude oil is distilled in a distillation tower in a process similar to that used to produce diesel and gasoline. It is a medium weight distillate in the refining process, and can be produced by distilling crude oil (here it is known as straight run kerosene) or by hydrocarbon cracking heavier petroleum (here it is known as cracked kerosene). The chemical composition of kerosene is fairly complex, and it is a complex mixture of paraffins (55.2%), naphthenes (40.9%), and aromatic hydrocarbons (3.9%). Kerosene tends to contain hydrocarbons that have anywhere from 11 to 13 carbons in the chains. Liquid kerosene fuels contain potentially harmful compounds, including hexane and benzene.

Kerosene is a major component of aviation fuel, making up more than 60% of the fuel. In addition, it can be used as an oil in central heating systems and can be used as a cleaning agent. Although the use of kerosene in many places has decreased over the years as a result of improved access to electricity and natural gas, it is still used extensively in the developing world for cooking, heating, and lighting. Kerosene cooking is extensive in developing countries, especially among urban populations. Kerosene is often seen as a good alternative to solid fuels, biomass, and coal and thus kerosene lanterns are used in places where access to electricity is not available. It is estimated that globally 500 million households use fuels such as kerosene for lighting.

The use of kerosene as an oil in heaters can be dangerous and because of that it is not used frequently. When operating, kerosene heaters can cause degradation of air quality inside a home while producing toxic and carcinogenic gases. Because of this, kerosene is not actively used in home heating in most developed countries.

In developing countries, the widespread use of kerosene comes with numerous different issues. Hazards of kerosene use include poisoning, fires, and explosions. As well, some kerosene lamps emit fine particulates, carbon monoxide, nitric oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide when burned. These by-products may reduce lung function and increase risks of asthma and cancer. Taking into account the risks of using kerosene, cleaner alternatives to kerosene technologies for lighting and cooking should be investigated - although kerosene is still a safer option in many cases than using solid fuels.

Generally speaking, kerosene lamps are inefficient and produce harmful by-products of combustion when used. When kerosene is burned in wick lamps, about 7-9% of the kerosene consumed is converted to particulate matter that is almost entirely black carbon - a harmful emission. When wood is burned, less than half a percent is turned to black carbon. Reduction of black carbon emissions is marked as a potential way to reduce climate warming, and since kerosene lamps are such a major sources of black carbon, limiting their use could be beneficial to the environment. Alternatives to this kerosene use involve more electrification or using cheap LED lamps.

So what is kerosene? Actually, it’s a clear liquid produced by distilling petroleum. It’s used as fuel in jet engines, rocket fuel; or, if you’re camping it’s used for cooking and lighting fuel. In Asia it’s used in motorcycle engines and outboard motors.

Recent history of kerosene starts in 1846, in Canada with geologist Abraham Gesner, in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island where he developed a new process for making kerosene. Gesner wanted to patent his new process in Canada but ran up against governmental regulations and petroleum industry roadblocks, so in 1854 he moved to New York state and patented “Kerosene”. In 1846 another chemist from Scotland by the name of James Young also found a process for making kerosene. He took out a patent in both Scotland and the United States prior to the 1854 patent of Gesner.

In 1851 Samuel Martin Kier known as the “Grandfather of the American Oil Industry” came along with carbon oil. And now we come to L’viv and Ignacy Lukasiewicz a Polish pharmacist living in L’viv, and his Hungarian partner Jan Zeh who worked to improve upon Gesner’s process, using the petroleum from a local seep. I don’t know which guy is hanging out of the window in the second floor, your guess is as good as mine

The local people did not really take them seriously until the night of July 31st 1853 when there was an emergency in the local hospital; and none of the lamps were bright enough to allow the surgery to proceed. The surgeon, knowing about their experiment with bright lantern light urged someone to go and get the lanterns from the pharmacist.

They were amazed at how bright the light was. After the brilliant success (pun) in the surgery the pharmacist quit his job at the pharmacy, travelled to Vienna and registered a patent on his product. In 1854 he moved to Poland with his patented product, and subsequently set up a refinery in 1859. A side benefit to the discovery of kerosene is that in prior times whale oil had been the typical product for lamps. When kerosene became widely used, whale hunting decreased. In 1858 there were 199 whaling ships, in 1860 there were 167, in 1866 105, and in 1874 only 39.

A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax, or another flammable solid substance such as tallow, that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance. A candle can also provide heat, or be used as a method of keeping time. The candle can be used during the event of a power outage to provide light. A person who makes candles is traditionally known as a chandler. Various devices have been invented to hold candles, from simple tabletop candlesticks, also known as candle holders, to elaborate chandeliers.

For a candle to burn, a heat source (commonly a naked flame) is used to light the candle's wick, which melts and vaporizes a small amount of fuel (the wax). Once vaporized, the fuel combines with oxygen in the atmosphere to ignite and form a constant flame. This flame provides sufficient heat to keep the candle burning via a self-sustaining chain of events: the heat of the flame melts the top of the mass of solid fuel; the liquefied fuel then moves upward through the wick via capillary action; the liquefied fuel finally vaporizes to burn within the candle's flame.

As the fuel (wax) is melted and burned, the candle becomes shorter. Portions of the wick that are not emitting vaporized fuel are consumed in the flame. The incineration of the wick limits the exposed length of the wick, thus maintaining a constant burning temperature and rate of fuel consumption. Some wicks require regular trimming with scissors (or a specialized wick trimmer), usually to about one-quarter inch (~0.7 cm), to promote slower, steady burning, and also to prevent smoking. Special candle-scissors called 'snuffers' were produced for this purpose in the 20th century and were often combined with an extinguisher. In modern candles, the wick is constructed so that it curves over as it burns. This ensures that the end of the wick gets oxygen and is then consumed by fire—a self-trimming wick.

Materials and Methods

Plan and methods constitute a significant part or research study. No research study can be undertaken without any absolute thinking and planning. The researchers first identify the materials which are: Candle, banana peel, and kerosene.

Second, the researchers determine the methods which is to cut the candle into small pieces and also the banana peeling, next is melt the candle over a low heat in a large mixing pot, put the 2 cups of kerosene and stir thoroughly without removing the heat. After the candle wax and kerosene are mix together, put the chop banana peel into the large mixing pot. Mix the components all together in about 15 minutes. After it is mix, let it boil in about 15 minutes. Next is put the liquid substance into a small container and wait until it become firm.

Result and Discussion

After everything is set we attempt to apply it on a floor and it was pretty successful. As we apply it we watch the impact step by step and it was really great, and as the researcher who conducted the investigatory, we simply discovered that as the day we use it, it will shine and more shine as days pass.

In view of the ff. information, the researchers improved an examination identified with this task and discovered that banana floor wax could give better quality which the commercial one could give.

Conclusion

Therefore we conclude that the banana floor wax can be an alternative floor wax and it is additionally a compelling one. And also, this is smarter to be utilized by everybody since it is very affordable and it is entirely reasonable we can make this by our very own and we can help avert the pollution and we can likewise help lessen waste materials.