Psychoanalytic theories encompass the idea that “developmental changes occur because of internal drives and emotions, which influence behavior” (Boyd & Bee, 2015, p.46). According to psychoanalytic theory, phobias arise from two core concepts: psychological conflict and unconscious mental processes (Nemiah, 1981). Freud believed phobias generally…
Imagine being scared to go outside, to get on an elevator, or even to take a bite of food. For many people this fear consumes their everyday life. It is a psychological problem called a phobia. A phobia is a psychological condition that needs to…
A phobia is defined in the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Ed., 2013) as a type of anxiety disorder. When defining phobias, consideration must be taken to analyse the nature of anxiety, and how the intensity of the anxiety experienced by the individual surrounding…
The study of associative learning in Psychology has specialised in two sub-fields: Classical (Pavlovian) conditioning focuses on how “mental” representations of stimuli are linked whereas instrumental conditioning deals (mainly) with response-outcome associations. It is agreed though that, at the most general level, their associative structures…
The psychological studies above support the discussion on the effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of phobias and have suggested that CBT is effective as it helps to alter the patients negative thoughts or beliefs by motivating them to think about the positive statements that…
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