Migration Flow and Its Demography in Spain

To start off, it is important to have in presence the differences between migration, immigration and emigration. Immigration is represented by the population that enters a country different from their homeland and emigration, on the other side, is established by the population that leaves one region or country and resides in another. Migration, therefore, is the movement from one region to another, or from a country to another one. Applying this concept to the Spanish nation, we can conclude that Spain is one of the countries with the highest migration influx. In recent years, the migration phenomenon has become one of the topics of greatest interest, concern and public debate in Spain. This is because since the mid-1990s Spain has become an important destination for immigrants from North Africa, South America, Eastern Europe and other parts of the world. Spain has, as indicated by the most recent information distributed by the UN, 1,345,862 migrants, speaking to 2.88% of the number of inhabitants in Spain. This phenomenon, which is until, its extent, inevitable, has consequences. Some of them are positive and others, on the other hand, provoke detriments.

Migration has direct points of interest over the economy. In Spain, information from the Economic Office of the Presidency of the Government by a report by La Caixa, 30% of GDP development between the mid-1990s and the main decade of this century, was an aftereffect of migrant settlement. A beneficial outcome rose to half in the 2000- 2005 period. 'All studies show that migration, in a specific way, is certain for the economies that get individuals. To begin with, on the grounds that it expands utilization, particularly in lodging,' clarifies financial expert Moisés Martín. Moreover, immigration also has positive effects on natality. Migration has gotten the salvation table of an inexorably maturing Spain. The constructive movement parity of 333,672 individuals in 2018 made up for the adverse vegetative parity (56,212 individuals) and caused the nation's populace to develop to 46,934,632 occupants, the most noteworthy chronicled figure recorded, as indicated by the temporary information of the Migration Statistics of the National Statistics Institute (INE).

However, it also has its own downside. A first negative impact is the way that efficiency development in Spain has backed off, by giving a lot of low-gifted work and, therefore, low profitability. This accessibility has driven organizations to represent considerable authority in serious creation forms in low gifted work. In the context of the economic crisis and the increase in the number of unemployed make competition between the native population and the immigrant increase, in order to access a job or to benefit from the financial assistance offered by the government. The natives no longer see immigrant workers as necessary, but they believe that they foster the precariousness of working conditions, increasing their fear of losing preference to social aids and rights. Another subsequent negative impact is that the interest for social administrations has expanded, specifically, training and wellbeing. In the event that this expansion it fundamentally causes an intensifying in the nature of administrations that adversely impact the prosperity of people.

The other side of the currency is emigration. Why do people migrate? The prime reason is the lack of well-paid jobs, that fit the profiles of the new generations. However, what it’s revealing is the fact in most cases, emigrants move to seek remunerated working positions, but they get the same salaries as in Spain. Women are the most affected, as the wage sex gap also exists abroad. Although labor conditions abroad are very similar to those in Spain, people continue to emigrate, and this has serious consequences for Spain. The worst consequence is the brain drain. The Bank of Spain cautions that brain drain can 'worsen the impacts of the emergency'. Thinks about that the 'organize impact' in Spanish exile networks can make perpetual flights that have happened since 2008. This probability, as per the organization, comprises 'potential danger to Spanish financial generation' since the individuals who emigrate are youngsters with a high instructive level.

In addition, the youth displacement sinks birth and fertility, putting Spain before a dull skyline of birth droop that is now observable: in that period 340,000 children with at least one parent from Spain were born abroad, meaning that Spain ‘lost’ those children while another country gained them. As a consequence, the birth rate fell by 15.7% and the fruitfulness rate fell by 8.7%. Demographic factors interact at the same time with economic, political, and cultural evolution. In the short term, the large stock of active unemployed population, especially among young adults, is increasing the exit of Spain. In the long term, the shortage of active population and the abundance of retired people, will require the incorporation of more population that reduces the depth of the emptiness of the active population. Spain has an issue and it is the inexorably observable presence of the gap between authentic movement strategy and genuine relocation approach while breaking down a wide scope of current migration arrangement cases. Essentially, the thought is that there is a developing separation between the goals of the migration approach and its genuine outcomes. For what reason do these holes happen in migration policy? A first clarification would be that legislatures structure arrangements with goals that they can't meet, either on account of lacks in the authoritative framework. A subsequent statement could be the utilization of lacking relocation approach instruments, for instance, brief visitor specialist displacement projects, for example, those did in Germany during the 1960s or in the United States. At last, another conceivable clarification would be a random arrangement of causes among which the limitations that, on account of liberal majority rules systems, are created by the current weight for governments to stand apart regard human rights considered intrinsic in the poise of the individual and a wide scope of common social rights.

However, the migratory problem that Spain suffers could have a solution. It is true that emigration may be something incorrigible today, however, immigration could provoke more benefits than downsides. The Canadian migration model is one of the first references in terms of policies which can lead to a positive outcome. Every year, Canada acknowledges about a fourth of a million displaced people from around the globe. In any case, the nation has not encountered the ethnic strains that have shaken numerous European nations. 'The way into Canada's prosperity is that truth be told, we are searching for new residents. We are not searching for impermanent specialists; we are not searching for workers. We are searching for residents. Furthermore, I believe that is a philosophical point that separates us,' Hewitt-Smith clarified in a meeting. Migration is a state strategy in Canada. Migration laws are straightforward and dynamic, continually adjusting to the statistic and work needs of the country, however continually surveying the commitment of outsiders to efficiency, to the upkeep of the social framework, and, on account of the region of Quebec, to the perseverance of Francophone culture.

Migration, since the late sixties, has been centered around determination. It is chosen who enters and who regarding 'human capital', considering their employability. The individuals who need to live in Canada are scored by their abilities, generating those of working age. At the point when they arrive at the very least number of focuses, they can decide to become 'lasting inhabitants.' The monetary accomplishment of transients landing in Canada drives a prudent circle on the grounds that the vast majority of the populace sees them as an advantage for their economy and not as an issue. Over 60% of foreigners land through this point framework. They are classified as 'monetary vagrants.' In spite of the high improvement rate, Canada offers free wellbeing and training frameworks for everyone, meaning both residents and occupants. It has a steady economy, with low joblessness and expansion rates, and it counts with one of the most secure monetary frameworks. Moreover, the nation has a differing, secured, and clean condition. For instance, 6 out of 10 families claim their own homes, and 40% of individuals more than 25 are college graduates. In the XXIst century, there has been a radical normative and sociological turnaround in the phenomenon of migration, these intense and drastic changes show us a dynamic of instability in migration policy in Spain, being one of the countries with the highest migration influx.

The migration cycle generates both positive and negative effects on society. In Spain, immigration has created direct points of interest over the economy, as well as positive effects on natality but it also has its own downside; irregular immigration works in the black economy, where Spain has the dubious honor of occupying the first place in the European ranking in this regard. As well as this there is an additional problem with the objective fact that the largest flow of irregular immigration enters with a tourist visa, through our borders, with the intention of staying in our country, by which they become illegal immigrants.

Most studies carried out on the future of the population, both in Spain and in the European Union, indicate that due to the abundance of aging citizens, there will be a requirement of the incorporation of more population that reduces the depth of the emptiness, and this can be compensated by the entrance of immigrants. Finally, it can we saw that the Spanish legislature on this matter does not meet with their goals, with the reality. Migration policies must be proactive, and by taking the example of the Canadian migration model, Spanish policies on this matter need to conceive migrants as new residents, trying to enhance the advantages of immigration; cultural diversity, improvement of the demographic pyramid, positive impact on the birth rate, dynamic factor of the labor market and reducing the threats; creation of ghettos, insecurity problems arising from the increase in illegal and irregular immigration, tension in public services.