Maintaining Emotional Balance and Well-Being of Students

The word emotion is derivative of the Latin word “emovere” which means to stir-up or agitate or excite. The feeling of a person at a particular instant of time knowingly or on knowingly is called emotion. According to crow and crow “An emotion is effective experience that accompanies generalized inner adjustment and mental and physiological stirred up stated in the individual and that shows itself in his overt behavior. These are two main aspects of emotion intrinsic aspect and extrinsic aspect. Intrinsic aspect of emotion is that how a person feels himself his emotions and extrinsic aspect of emotion is that what other person” see changes in him. In case of fear, a person feel his physical conditions such as breathing fastly, drying threat, change of mental balance, but in other side there are change in body which other persons saw for example, change of the colour of face, shivering in body and change of voice.

Theories of Emotion

• According to James Lange theory of emotion it’s a physiological change caused by external events. Which experience bodily responses such as increased respiration, increased heartbeat rate or sweaty hands.
• The Cannon Bard theory of emotion is also known as the thalamic theory of emotion its states that we feels emotions due to physiological reactions in our body such as sweating, trembling and muscle tension simultaneously.
• According Schechter Singer theory its states that emotions are the product of both physiological and cognitive process.

There are also different kinds of emotions. The most primitive way to categorise them is to divide by positive and negative emotions. Positive emotions are also known as pleasant emotions which are important for normal development of individual such as love, amusement curiosity and joy. Negative emotions are also known as unpleasant emotions which are harmful to the individual’s development such as Jealousy, guilt fear and anger.

As Spitz has observed in 1994, “Emotions are not present ready made from birth. As other sector of human personality they have to develop its due to maturation and learning not to either one alone”. Emotional Development is a process that a child develops from dependence to a fully functioning adult and applies to most life forms it refers to the ability to recognize, express and mange feelings at different stages of life.

The core of an emotion is feeling event, emotional experiences are connected with some instincts or biological drives emotions are the results of perception. Every emotional experience involves several physical ad physiological changes in organism. It rise suddenly and die slowly. Some emotions can be aroused by a number of different stimulate. These are complex in actions on person stays Quite after abusing by someone, other person kills after abusing by someone. A child always love his parents if his development is properly than this love and affection will make the child to be a good person of society. Child always express anger if his need is not fulfill.

Some experts said that new born infants have no differentiated emotional response but they show only a generalized excitement. At 3 months excitement develop into distress and delight. At 6 months the negative emotion develops into fear and anger. At 12 months positive emotion enter in the field and delight is differentiated into elation and affection. At 18 months jealousy develops from distress and affection differentiated into affection for adults and affection for children. At 24 months, delight further differentiated and joy appears. At 5 years fear is again differentiated into shame and anxiety. Anger is again differentiated into disappointment and envy. Emotional development during adolescence involves establishing a realistic and coherent since of identity in the context of relating to others. Emotions changes in adolescence. A child shows strong feelings and intense emotions and her moods might seems unpredictable. But in that stage a child also learn how to control and express emotions in a growth-up way.

Emotional Unbalance

The main season of emotional unbalance in child is not accomplishment of basic needs of physical and psychological. It is very important to live a successful and pleasant life. If legitimate desires of a person are fulfilling, his life will be pleasant and he has emotional balance. On the other side if a person is in emotional imbalance problem you can find these signs in that person. Maslow has listed the five basic needs of a person that are needed to be fulfilled to get this personal emotional balance.

1. Physical need (hunger, thrust, rest);
2. Physical Preservation and satisfaction need (Preservation from accident);
3. Need of love and belonging;
4. Need of self esteem (confidence, respect of others);
5. Need of self actualization.

A student with emotional unbalance is called emotional disturbed student those children has inability to build or maintain interpersonal relationships with society. Some causes of emotional disturbance of students can be:

• Heredity

Researcher said that a child gets emotional characteristics from his heredity.

• Family Background

Family background plays an importance role for a child’s emotional development. If a child belong to family in which the always law aggression, quarrel and violence he will adopt automatically and act with aggression and violence.

• Physical Diseases

According to researchers, If a child is suffered in physical and result that they will suffer in emotional disturbance. They often react emotionally even in-simple situations.

• Physiological Factor

Psychological Factor plays on important role for the development of emotion. If a child is unsuccessful in his practical life, the child will suffer in emotional disturbance.

• Economic Reasons

Emotional development effected due to economic reasons. Such as poverty and unhealthy environment effects the emotions.

• Social Environment

Children always effect from their surrounding teachers, friends, parents and other people effects the mental growth. A person will be emotionally disturbed whom is living in the healthy social environment.

Emotionally disturbed children always need guidance. Parents and teachers can these steps to prevent children from emotional disturbance. Parents and teachers has duty to guide child at psychological level. Generally its seems that emotionally disturbed children taunt or deride by other class fellows or relatives, parents and teachers should not deride otherwise the child will suffer in inferiority. Religious education can also decrease the disturbance of emotions. Islamic Education should be a part of curriculum. Emotional disturbance can also decrease by realizing to child, to social responsibilities. Also, experiments have proven that a child with the stage of childhood or adolescents, wants to see the new thing or explore to new places. Teacher should plan for educational trips. Lastly, students have lot of energy. Teachers and parents should use this energy in to positive ways for this purpose. Students should take a part of co-curricular activities such as games, role plays, speech competitions, group discussion, so students will same from emotional disturbance.

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders can be among the most difficult to teach in a class. Behavioral disorder becomes a problem with development of negative emotion. In class room there are six areas of behavior or emotional disorders aggressive, destructive, disobedience, uncooperative destroyable, disruptive and persistent. They have been corrected and punished for their same misbehavior countless times. Students who are extremely shy, depressed and hypersensitive and these students have lack of confidence and they have anxiety, withdrawal disorder. The third category is attention problem immaturity. These children need short attention span. The features of these children include frequent day dreaming and messiness and poor co-ordination. The next category of behavior, disorder is socialized aggression, students in this group are often member of gangs. Finally, some students behavior may be bizarre and they may express very farfetched ideas. Many exceptional students those with learning disabilities, mental retardation, may have emotional or behavioral problem as well as they struggle in school.

Childrens Aggression

There are many kinds of aggression. One common kind is instrumental aggression which is leading to gain an object or privilege such as showing to get line in first or snatching a toy or any object from other child. The intent is to get what you want, not to hurt other child but the hurt may happen. The second kind is hostile aggression inflicting intentional harm, it can be either overt aggression of threats of physical attacks 'I’m gona beat you up!' or relational aggression which involves damaging social relation 'I’m never going to speak you again!' most of the boys likely to use overt aggression and girls likely to use relational aggression. Aggression should not be confused with assertiveness. A child who says 'That’s my toy!' is showing assertiveness children who grown up in homes filled with harsh punishment and family violence are more likely to use aggression to solve their own problems the second real source of aggression is television. Most tf the children spend more time watching television as they can do any other activity except sleep. In cartoon programs 70% of violent scenes and violence goes unpunished. Then children learn from television program and shows negative emotion or behavior in class.

Aggressive children knows that violence will be rewarded and they use aggression to get what they want, they believe that violent retaliation is acceptable. They start bullying. Bullying is the strong preying upon the weak. It can related to physical or social. Teacher use the strategic engaging in role plays. Participating in group discussion of personal experience to less their aggression.

Insult, gossip, taunts all these are the form of relation aggression both boys and girls take part in relational aggression. Relational aggression is also called social aggression and its intent is to harm social connections. Some students become bullies and other student are victims studies from Europe indicate that 10% students are chronic victims. The constant targets for physical or verbal attacks. Victims have low self esteem, anxious, lonely, insecure and unhappy. They often start crying when they don’t defend themselves. Children who have been chronic victims from school age are more depressed and more likely to suicide as young adults.

In dealing with aggression and encouraging cooperation teacher should be a role model. He should present himself as a non aggressive model. For example, teacher shouldn't use threats of aggression to win obedience. Also, he should pay attention to classroom environment, to be sure that a classroom has enough space and materials for each student. 

Conclusion

Emotions are the part of human developments. Emotions effects the students learning in the class room. The first and the most important task of the teacher is to educate, but student learning suffers when there are problems with personal and social development. Teacher is the best source of help for students facing emotional or interpersonal problems. Teacher should help student examine the kinds of emotions, teacher should help student to see the perspective of other. Teacher should help students to make connections between values and actions. Teacher should create a climate of trust in your classroom. Teachers and caregivers promote children’s social and emotional health by establishing trusting relationships, created when teachers express warmth, affection and respect teacher can enhance their skills toward positive behaviors.