The concept of designer babies has long captured the imagination of both scientists and the general public. The ability to genetically modify and customize the traits of unborn children is a topic that resides at the intersection of science, ethics, and human aspirations. This essay...
Without genetics no one would be able to know the possible diseases they could get from their family. Genetics, inherited from our ancestors, prove that the past can shape our present. They can show what is inherited from parents, grandparents, and so forth. Genetics are...
Families are always unique. In some ways it can be not for the better because of genetics. There are multiple factors that come into play. Could the cause of a family member receiving allergies be the cause of genetics? There may be an explanation for...
Psychologists define aggression as “behaviour intended to harm another individual who doesn’t wish to be harmed”. Intention plays an important role when it comes to aggressive behavior, as a behaviour may be considered aggressive when that wasn’t it’s intent, however, intentional harm is, in any...
Scientists have argued that race is a social construct that has no biological backing; this is because race has been defined by phenotypic characteristics which are characteristics that can be seen on an individual which are not genetic data. Similar to sex and gender whereas...
There are many chronic conditions that people are unaware of or know little about, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is one of them. CF is a condition in which the body produces a large amount of thick mucous that prevents other organs to do their job. This...
Human life, a mystery that society has tried to understand through a variety of scientific studies yet, so complex that it is very difficult to simplify it and to put it into a few words that make sense. There are so many different aspects to...
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disorder linked to the X chromosome that is caused by a deficiency in the protein dystrophin (Mendell et al., 1995). This disease weakens skeletal and cardiac muscles, and may pose obstacles when sitting, standing, walking, and speaking. Treatment by...
Introduction to Gene Therapy Gene therapy is an exciting new form of molecular medicine that introduces a functioning gene into a patient’s cells to compensate for abnormal genes and cure/alleviate the effects of a diseasing-causing mutation. Since its first success in 1990, gene therapy has...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a deadly genetic disease that mainly affects the lungs and the digestive system (CFF, 2019). CF causes the body to produce thick and sticky mucus (CFF, 2019), that can clog the lungs, and obstruct the pancreas leading to a liver disease,...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive lung disease that is caused by mutations in a single gene (Riorden et al., 1989). The gene encodes for a large membrane protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is a member of the ATP-binding...
This part is focused on the impacts of genetics on the susceptibility of humans to Malaria, Response to drug treatment modified by genetics and Genetic basis for personal differences in response to drug dosage and clinical response. It will also include how some of the...
When in 1883 Sir Francis Galton, the mathematician and naturalist from Great Britain and Charles Darwin’s cousin, coined the term eugenics, he might have hardly predicted that the interest in eugenics would drive the humanity to the point of transgressing all moral boundaries. At the...
In the early late 1900’s, many states increasingly started to pass laws that banned the reproduction from people with undesirable traits to get those bad genes out of the gene pool The eugenics movements in the United States, Germany, and Scandinavia favored negative eugenics approaches...
Children and youth as individuals grow and develop differently based on various factors and implications that make them who they are. In discussing the age old debate of nature versus nurture, it is our goal to provide factual information that provides to the understanding of...
Introduction Adolescence is a period of incredible change for young people. It is when physical changes are occurring at a hastened rate. Adolescence is not simply set apart by physical changes. Maturing individuals are additionally encountering cognitive, social, emotional and relationship changes as well (Spano,...
RNAs can trigger a multigenerational epigenetic memory in the Germline of C. elegansIn this paper, the main question is the mechanism of the inheritance of epigenetic information of C. elegans for multiple generations through RNAi and chromatin modifications by piRNA. C. elegans was used as...
Abstract Termites are a blind eusocial group of insects that excrete trail pheromones from their sternal glands allowing them to participate in foraging behavior. A recognized North American termite colony, Reticulitermes flavipes, is known to contain a chemical, 2-phenoxyethanol, within their trail pheromones that is...
Introduction For most of the past century, D. melanogaster has been studied extensively not just to increase our knowledge of its anatomy and physiology but also to establish biological principles that can be applied in many other instances (Roberts 2006). D. melanogaster has become a...
Microorganism have invented various strategies to allow them to survive exposure to foreign DNA. This is an adaptive system prokaryote’s have adopted and based on a region of DNA called Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (or CRISPR). CRISPR is a system used by Bacteria...
An adaptive immune system is found in archaea and bacteria though Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). Thus by using the DNA sequences that are identical to past invaders into the genome a cellular memory of past invaders would be generated. These sequences recognize...
Over the past several decades, nutrionists along with government agencies such as the FDA have tried to come up with ways for Americans to live a healthier life free of disease. Whether that be through the food pyramid, MyPlate, or RDA’s; they have tried to...
Guthrie surfaces many actualities of Grain in this article. Many revelations arise out of this article, amongst these is the fact that grain has the same effects as sugar. This can cause many issues with high consumption such as inflammation and blood-sugar imbalances. Flour is...
Cloning is a process that has been debated for decades, and all the arguments are now coming to a head. The thought of cloning has been around since the turn of the century, but was not given much publication until the genre of science fiction...
Eugenics: “Designer Babies” Eugenics is, basically, a set of beliefs and/or practices that focus on improving the genetic make-up of the human population. This, of course, is directly tied to the idea of “designer babies.” Eugenics allows us to know certain things about our unborn...
Abstract Gene therapy is a relatively new form of treatment; one surrounding much criticism as to how effective it can be, as well as how unethical it can be. There is a large amount of people on either side of this debate, as well as...
OSU Article This article about The Ohio State Buckeyes athletic department focuses primarily on how Gene Smith, the new director of the athletic department. The article captures how Gene Smith was so honored to be a part of the OSU athletic department. Throughout the article,...
Gene Therapy Science is an ever-growing field, where there are always new things to be discovered. Science is what leads to the progression of our world, and Biology is what leads to our improvement of life itself. Gene Therapy is a form of biotechnology that...
GENOME PROJECT Adam and Eve were doomed for trying to be like god, this is the same damnation mankind is headed to. Everyones dream is to have absolute power and control of everything. The genome project and DNA engineering gives man the ability to create...
In every field of study known to man, there are always certain topics of controversy, the patenting of sections of the human genome is one such debateable topic. On one side, scientific discoveries should be the property of everyone, and on the other side the...
Progeria, meaning “prematurely old” in Greek, is a rare genetic disease in which young children seem to age rapidly and is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. Around 1 in 8 million babies are born with Progeria all over the world. The progression...
GABA receptors and G protein-coupled receptors for Îł-aminobutyric acid, are both inhibitory neurotransmitters that play significant roles in maintaining various neural pathways in the Central Nervous System, or CNS. Three members of the KCTD family, a potassium (K+) channel tetramerization domain, are primarily responsible for...
The current HIV treatment (ART) has been a huge success because of its ability to halt progression to AIDS in infected persons and because it has been able to reduce transmission risks. Despite that ART hasn’t been able to eliminate HIV-1 from dormant infected T-cells...
Malaria is a deadly disease transmitted to humans by female mosquitos carrying the Plasmodium parasite. It is estimated that there was 216 million cases of malaria and as many as 445, 000 malaria deaths in 2016. A recent BBC article “Gene editing wipes out mosquitoes...
Introduction For the past decades, the presence of carbapenem- resistance Entrerobacteriaceae has affected different nations across the globe negatively. According by ( ) the carbapenem- resistance Entrerobacteriaceae (CRC) cause different type of infections that their treatment is not easy. The CRC produce an enzyme, carbapenamase,...
Epigenetics Epigenetics is a developing field of study involving an emphasis on how gene expression can be modified based on responses from DNA. These changes are inherited; however, this is not due to a modification in the actual gene sequence. This multifaceted area of study...
This experiment was designed to help us learn and examine Mendelian genetics and its Laws through example, along with demonstrating how we are to go about solving problems presented by monohybrid crosses. The two laws are the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite significant research efforts, the genetic basis of AD is still not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to shed light on the genetic underpinnings of AD onset...
In past times, the genetic makeup of an individual has been said to be the main link of inheriting diseases. For some diseases, this claim may be true, however some diseases differ in the aspect as environmental factors now contribute widely to a person’s health....
What is DSD? Sexual differentiation is an important and complex process in fetal development requiring specific interaction between genes, proteins, and hormones. Abnormalities in this process characterize Disorders of Sexual Differentiation (DSD). The 2006 Consensus defines DSD by congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal,...
The gradual growth of genetic and epigenetic alterations in colon epithelium is the main culprit behind the commencement and progression of colorectal cancer development. The lists of these alterations are long and persist to grow. On the other hand, only a small number of genes...
When expression of one gene depends on the presence or absence of another gene in an individual, it is known as gene interaction. The interaction of genes can be broken down into several types. Gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions are two types of gene interactions...
Introduction This review illustrates the life cycle of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) protein. IL-1 beta is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in immune response. Immune system is the body’s response to the pathological change or the antigen. It can be divided...
In the cell, RNA is derived from the transcriptional product of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and is further assisted through translation to create a protein. RNA applications include RT-PCR, cDNA synthesis, and northern blotting. RNA Extraction A great deal of evidence has suggested that deoxyribonucleic acid...
Introduction Genetics as a phenomenon was discovered in the late 19th century. This can be considered as quite a late discovery in comparison to other medical advancements such as general anesthesia which can be seen throughout recorded history in each culture. Genetic conditions like the...
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a principal source of staple food for most of the world populations particularly in Asia. Several plant nematodes are reported to cause yield loss in rice crop among them rice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is one of the main...
The biological approach suggests that behaviour is the direct product of interactions within the body. The key assumptions of the biological approach are that there is a direct correlation between brain activity and cognition, a biochemical imbalance can affect behaviour, behaviour can be inherited through...
Introduction There has always been a fascination for drawing some sort of connection between the family members. If it is a joint family then the fun in making them doubles. The multiple numbers of connections, their relationships, names, and everything makes it an exciting activity...
Science Inquiry Planning Using the Scientific Method Introduction A demonstration that exhibite how an extraction mixture can separate the DNA from two different types of fruits with distinctive amounts of chromosomes. How to extract DNA from a living organism as well as the understanding of...
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