Modern Technology Systems Survey: Internet Of Things

The Internet of things is nothing but a connection ofphysical devices, vehicles and other items fixed with sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that allow these objects to collect the data and exchange the data. Iot have been used in various applications and it uses so many communication methods such as RFID etc IntroductionHistory of IOT: The term Internet of things was first coined by Kevin Ashton at Proctor and Gamble in 1999[4] while linking RFID in P&G’s supply chain with Internet. Internet of things is revolutionizing modern wireless telecommunications.

Things communicating to things directly without human intervention are called device to device communication or Internet of Things. They include things like RFID, wifi, barcodes, smartphones,sensors,actuators Near field communications etc. An important need of IOT is that for connecting devices, each device must have a unique address. It is similar to machine to machine technologies used in Industries but in a optimized manner for the end level consumer. Methods of iot : RFIDRFID stands for radio frequency identification. it has two parts a tag and a reader RFID uses radio waves for communication. it contains a chip that stores data and antenna for transmission. RFID tags receive signal from reader and transmit additional information they come in three different configurations

1. Passive reader active tag. Here the tag is battery powered and reader is passive. When the tag comes near the reader it transmits singals.
2. Active reader passive tag.This is themost used tag
3. Active reader active tag

Near field communication This is similar to RFID. NFC technology uses RFIDreaders in mobile devices and when it comes in vicinity of another device they transmit signals. It uses electromagnetic waves in radio frequency for communication. It is a low power wireless link with a short range used for communicating small data packets. It is seen as a promising technology for implementing Internet of Things. Already Apple Inc is using NFC in its wireless payment technology known as apple pay. NFC antenna is integrated into apple devices like Smart phones, smart watches etc. Using NFC, these devices connect directly with point of sale machines wirelessly and make payment. This technology is seen as an alternative to debit cards & credit cards.

Machine to machine communicationIt was first used in industrial manufacturing system like SCADA for remote monitoring. Later it was introduced to various other applications in healthcare, business etc. It is more economical than SCADA because it transmits signals through public networks like ethernet. The main parts of an M2M system are sensors, Wifi or cellular link, RFID and a computer software to infer sensor data and take decisions. M2M uses many device specific standards[5] like OMA DM (open mobile aliancedevice management, MQTT a messaging protocol, oneM2M communications protocol etc,. Vehicle to Vehicle communicationsIt is a wireless transmission of data between moving motor vehicles. It is mainly used to avoid collision between moving vehicles by transmitting their location and speed to other nearby vehicles over an ad hoc Network. This technology is being explored for driverless cars. ApplicationsFitness wearablesActivity trackers can be embeded onto watches and sports wears and used for collecting data about athlete’s body movement thereby providing training advice. Kaa IOT platform is one such thing that is gaining prominence among sports persons. It provides real time data to coaches for planning training programs for athletes. Connected smart carsSmart cars is one connected to other moving vehicles and road infrastructure.

They can help in providing traffic updates to the driver in the road ahead from the connected network of sensors [6]. They can alert a driver in case an emergency vehicle such as an ambulance is approaching and needs to make way for it. The captured performance data from the integrated sensors can be useful to mechanics, design engineers, insurance agencies etc. Smart homesIt uses devices connected through internet for remote monitoring and management of home appliances such as thermostats, TV, security cameras etc to reduce energy consumption and to improve user experience. It uses communication protocols like Zigbee, Z-wave, X10 etc. It incorporates the following subsystems.

1. Temperaturecontrol,
2. Lighting control,
3. Smart Doors/security systems,
4. Efficient lawn irrigation system,
5. Home entertainment system etc.

The widespread popularity of smart homes has lead major technology companies like google, Amazon to launch smart home products like Amazon echo, Google home etc. However, security of connected devices remains a major concern. Location based servicesUsing GPS technology IOT can deliver targeted Location based advertising. It can also help in monitoring child movement. IOT in medical applicationsNano devices are being increasingly used in medical applications. Internet of nano things [3] is nano devices communicating with each other. Nano pacemakers are being developed to monitor human heart rate[7], trigger heart beat when needed and to inform medical staff in case of emergency all by using IOTConclusionDue to internet our world has been changed rapidly and with the help of IOT all communication process becomes so easy. Several techniques have been implemented to make IOT technology to reach to a greater extend.