Literature Review on the Effects of Birth order on a Person’s Personality and Achievements

Character is a one of a kind result of the blend of different attributes and characteristics that have created with assistance of ecological, genetical and social components.

The person tends to act, think and feel in a certain way influenced by these factors. Personality of each individual might not be the same but there are few traits that match with others, known as personality traits. Personality traits is something a person either has or does not have. Two major dimensions of traits are introversion and extraversion.

Birth order is the order in which a person takes birth in family, there are different types of orders i.e. firstborn, second born, middle child etc. Each order has their own psychological and physical experiences, that tends to develop a different type of personality and increase motivation on achievement.

Review of Literature

Cecile Ernst & Jules Angst (2012) examined Birth order: and the influence it has on an individual's personality.it depicted that order of birth influenced only a little to the personality, but strong believe in the influence can endager child development.

Delroy L Paulhus, Paul D Trapnell, David Chen (1999) Studied the effects on personality and achievement due the order in which the child takes birth in family. They studied it in 4 ways including the child and adult samples and concluded that the results of research indicated the same.

Julia M Rohrer, Boris Egloff, Stefan C Schmukle(2015) researched on the effects of personality due to birth order and indicated that performances intelligence tests falls down a little from first child to another. Birth order does not generally have a long lasting effect on major personality traits other than intellectual.

Rodica Ioana Damian, Brent W Roberts(2015) studied the associations of birth order with personality and intelligence in a sample of American school and indicated other factors such as gender, age, sibship size, parental socio-economic status, and family structure influence personality more.

Emma Beck, Katriina L Burnet, Jane Vosper (2006) Birth-order effects on extraversion characteristics. Examined the influence of. Order of birth on the characteristics of a person as an extrovert and. Indicated that 2nd born is generally more social than the other.

Melissa M Dixon, Carla J Reyes, Mark F Leppert, Lisa M Pappas(2003)Personality and birth order in large families indicated that younger siblings show extraverted traits more than the older one.

April Bleske-Rechek, Jenna A Kelley(2014) Birth order and personality: A within-family test using independent self-reports from both firstborn and later born siblings concluded that both first and second born show individual traits and less effect of personality was showcased due to the cause of birth order.

Bram p. bunk (2000) personality, birth order and attachment styles as relates to various types of jealously. Examines the type of jealousy level of child according to the birth order that is related to attachment of parent to child and prevailed that later borns are generally more jealous type than firstborns because of more attachment of parent.

Julia m Roger (2015) Examined the effect pf birth order on personality and concluded that o birth-order effects on extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, or imagination.

Tyronnr j(2003) Associations between Birth Order and Personality Traits: Evidence from Self-Reports and Observer Ratings. And signified that laterborn children would be higher in facets of Openness and Agreeableness.

Jason M(2013) The effects of personality traits on adult labor market outcomes: Evidence from siblings indicated that extrovert traits and related to favorable labor. Wages and personality of employees share a link between each other according to study.

Kenneth Kammeyer (1970)Birth Order as research variable implies that the birth order effects, studied the factors that affect personality and explained that it does not determine personality traits directly.

Michalski, Richard L.(2001) Studied the Methodology, birth order, intelligence and personality. Explained that there is a relationship between IQ and personality, and birth order and intelligence. But unfortunately, couldn’t find much and recommended it for future research.

Zajonc R. B.(1975) Birth order and intellectual development explained with help of a model about the intellectual development of the family and carried out on about 400000 19 year olds and indicated negative effect on the size of a family and its influence on child.

Nathan B. (2008) Fraternal Birth Order Effects on Personality: Will Reasonable Claims Require Extraordinary Evidence studied On the off chance that being destined to a mother who has recently brought forth more young men improves the probability that man will be explicitly pulled in to other men, at that point there should be a predisposition toward gay men being naturally introduced to enormous families and, accordingly, family size will be puzzled with sexual direction if the intimate birth request impact is genuine.

Rraga (2019) No effect of birth order on adult risk taking findings from these three subjectively various wellsprings of information and investigative techniques point collectively a similar way: We found no birth-request impacts on hazard taking.

Kensley b long (2018) effects of birth order on temperament and language indicating To start with, these outcomes recommend that later conceived kids are in danger for a troublesome demeanor; be that as it may, the particular reason for this relationship is obscure, yet could incorporate pre-birth pressure, or worry during outset, for example, less time went through with parental figures. Furthermore, these outcomes recommend that later conceived kids are at a specific bit of leeway. This bit of leeway might be because of the way that later conceived kids, by goodness of their bigger families, have a more prominent number of models from which to learn signals through perception.

Daniele C (2016) studied interactions within farms characteristics labour market conditions and gender and birth order effects, look at unequivocally the impact of tyke attributes (sexual orientation and birth request), finding that male and first-brought into the world potential successors are bound to assume control over the family ranch, as per results from past firm progression ponders. This finding proposes a diligence of customary standardizing convictions in the rural part.