Research on Ebola Being the Cause of Internal Bleeding

There are countless number of pathogens in our world, and the disease Ebola is one of the most lethal. A pathogen is a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. Pathogenic organisms are of five foremost types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms (Charles A Janeway, Travers, Walport & Shlomchik, 2019). The definition of a pathogenic organism is an organism capable of inflicting disease in its host. A human pathogen is capable of inflicting illness in human beings. common examples of pathogenic organisms consist of strains of bacteria like Salmonella, Listeria and E. coli, and viruses consisting of Cryptosporidium.

Homeostasis refers to the capability of the body or a cell to seek and preserve a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal surroundings whilst coping with outside modifications. It is involved in the preservation of the consistent internal environment which includes the function of kidney, liver and skin. Pathogens can disrupt homeostasis in numerous different forms. The pathogen that is going to be investigated in this assessment is Ebola haemorrhagic fever. More specifically to the Ebola virus it disrupts homeostasis when the virus spreads through the body and damages the immune system and organs. Ultimately, it causes levels of blood-clotting cells to drop. This leads to severe, uncontrollable bleeding. Ebola virus invades cells though micropinocytosis, a poorly understood system in which the cell surface remodels to shape membrane extensions around virions (virus debris), eventually closing to bring them into the interior of the cell ('Pathways Ebola virus uses to enter cells: Knowledge may be useful in treating other conditions', 2019). While Ebola causes severe inflammation, it can also cause bleeding; this is because it causes clotting proteins to go into overdrive and form small blood clots and clog blood vessels from which can lead to internal bleeding. This is because the blood leaks from the small blood vessels in the body.

The main causes of this infectious disease is transmitted by direct contact of blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or people (Nichols & Jill Seladi-Schulman, 2019); this is the result of inflammation which is the reaction of the contact and can cause clotting proteins to go into overdrive. This will then form small blood clots that clog blood vessels, although doctors are puzzled on why Ebola patients tend to bleed excessively. The specific research question is obtained after researching the specific virus that is Ebola.

Background Information

Ebola virus obtained because of the prototype pathogen of viral haemorrhagic fever, inflicting extreme disease and excessive case-fatality rates. Ebola virus particles have a uniform diameter of 80 nm but can greatly vary in length, with lengths up to 14000 nm. This excessive fatality, mixed with the absence of remedy and vaccination alternatives, makes Ebola virus a critical public health pathogen and biothreat pathogen of category A. Ebola virus became first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ebola, known as Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF) is a viral often fatal condition that affects humans and nonhuman primates. It is caused by ebolaviruses and by infection of the Filoviridae family, genus Ebolavirus; which is a species that are structurally similar or are phylogenetically related ('Genus', 2019).

The main causes of this infectious disease is transmitted by direct contact of blood, body fluids and tissues of infected animals or people (Nichols & Jill Seladi-Schulman, 2019); this is the result of inflammation which is the reaction of the contact and can cause clotting proteins to go into overdrive. signs and symptoms generally start with an unexpected influenza-like stage characterized with the aid of feeling tired, fever, weak point, reduced urge for food, muscular ache, joint ache, headache, and sore throat, the fever is usually higher than 38.3 °C. This is frequently accompanied with the aid of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and every so often hiccups. The combined of extreme vomiting and diarrhea frequently results in severe dehydration. subsequent, shortness of breath and chest ache may additionally occur, along with swelling, headaches, and confusion. In approximately half of the cases, the skin might also develop a maculopapular rash, a flat red place covered with small bumps, five to seven days after symptoms begin. The duration of time among exposure to the virus and the improvement of signs and symptoms (incubation period) is between 2 and 21 days, and generally between 4 and 10 days ('ebola - Google Search', 2019).

(“Ebola - Google Search', 2019) Claims that there is yet no cure or precise treatment for the Ebola virus disease that is presently accepted for market, despite the fact that numerous experimental treatments are being evolved. For past and modern Ebola epidemics, treatment has been primarily supportive in nature. The exceptional way to keep away from catching the disease is with the aid of now not travelling to regions in which the virus is located. In case you are in regions in which Ebola is present, keep away from contact with bats, monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas due to the fact that those animals unfold Ebola to human beings. Health care employees can prevent infection through wearing masks, gloves, and goggles on every occasion they arrive into contact with people who might also have Ebola (Cold et al., 2019). Viral and epidemiologic statistics propose that Ebola virus existed long earlier than these recorded outbreaks took place. elements like population increase, encroachment into forested areas, and direct interaction with wildlife (consisting of bushmeat consumption) may additionally have contributed to the spread of the Ebola virus ('History of Ebola Virus Disease Error processing SSI file', 2019).

Evidence

Upon getting into the body, the virus objectives cell kinds, which include liver cells, cells inside the immune system, and endothelial cells, which line the interior of blood vessels. As soon as inside the cells, one of the proteins made through the virus is known as Ebola virus glycoprotein ('Ebola Virus: How it infects people, and how scientists are working to cure it - Science in the News', 2019). One of the most common symptoms when a person contracts the host is bleeding. The bleeding starts from the nose, mouth and in some cases the ears. When the disease starts progressing some people start experiencing bleeding starts progressing from the, nose, ears, mouth, and rectum. Although symptoms include bleeding from multiple areas, some people do not experience bleeding at all, which some scientists still do not understand. The most current Ebola outbreak has been recorded as so far being the worst of its time. In Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, approximately more than 7,400 people have become infected with Ebola and more than 3,400 have passed away, since the outbreak began in the beginning of 2014, according to the CDC. Nigeria also had a cluster of 20 cases, and Senegal, Spain and the United States have each reported one Ebola case (Geggel, 2019). Ebola is one of the few diseases that hemorrhagic fever.