Report On Operating Systems And Its Types

What is an operating system? Operating System abbreviated or known more commonly as “OS” is a collection of softwares which manages hardware resources of the computer and provides certain important services to the computer programs. OS is the vital component for the computer system and application programs sometimes requires an OS to perform its functions. An operating system performs services listed below:

1. In a multi-tasking OS, where numbers of programs are running at the same time, OS determines which application should be running and what order to follow and that how much time should be allowed to each and every application.
2. It also allows an equal share of memory over all the running applications.
3. It also handles the input and output towards and from attached hardware devices, mouse, hard disks, printers and etc.
4. It notifies the applications of any errors occurring at the back hand and consistently interacts with the applications.
5. It gives away the work to the managers of certain duties to freed application from these works. Like, printing batch job is giving away to the printer to do the rest of the job minimizing the job of application.
6. In many systems nowadays we’ve got the parallel processing of programs working together aside of each other, in this situation an operating system manages how to divide the programs so that it can run together at the same time.

So, cutting to the chase, OS is really important for the system to perform all the important tasks, and sometimes some tasks requires some specific features to be accessed. While, we talked why OS is important and what pros it compacted comes up with, there are not many industries providing us with the developed, modern OS’s. Let’s talk about currently popular operating systems:

1. Windows is the flagship operating system developed by Microsoft. It was first introduced in 1985, after this, many graphical user interfaced operating system has been released. Windows 95 which was extremely user-friendly layed the concept of personal computers in short PC.
2. MAC OS is the Apple’s Macintosh series of personal computers and workstations operating system.
3. LINUX is UNIX looking operating system that was designed to provide a cheap alternate to use personal computers, this operating system is known for its efficiency and fast performance.

History of Operating System

Electronic computers were first introduced in the 1940’s without any OS. It was ran by machine language, and it was commonly used for simple mathematics calculations, so OS was not really needed for that time. Then, in the early 1950’s Operating system was finally introduced called, GMOS and was created by General Motors for IBM. In early 1950’s they were called single-stream batch processing systems because the data was usually submitted in the groups. These new machines were called mainframes, and were used by professionals only. Since, they were way too expensive to be bought by the common people, so it was usually found in the government or large corporations.

Then by the late, 1960’s, the designers of OS were able to develop the computer program which can actually do multiple jobs at a time. This multi-programming was a major turnover in the development of operating system, because before then, the central processing unit used to be sitting idle, when one part of the task is in process, this how, we allowed the CPU to perform 100% of the time, Now soon the operating system saw the creation of personal computing. Although these were not very different from the micro computers in the start, but they won’t cost you a fortune and made it possible for people to actually access the technology. Game changing when Microsoft introduced its new Microsoft OS which gave a great rise to the operating system popularity. Billgates and Paul Allen introduced MS-DOS in 1981, but it was still difficult for the people as the users were suppose to learn the codes to actually access it, but after releasing of windows 95, it eventually went a lot easier and then windows kept on updating to much better until now Windows 10. Along with Microsoft, Apple is the major operating system created in 1980’s it was also a huge success due to the fact that it was very user friendly. Now our every electronic devices run on operating systems and as technology advances, operating system advances along.

Main tasks of 4 managers

Memory Manager: Modern computer system are responsible for memory management.

Although the memory size of the computer system has been continuously been increasing drastically and so does the sizes of the programs and application. Memory allocation must be managed so that the applications doesn’t run out of memory. OS can be divided into two categories of memory management first, monoprogramming and the other multiprogramming.

Process manager: To move a process from one state to another, process manager uses two schedulers, one, the job scheduler and the other process scheduler. In order to handle multiple processes and jobs, the process manager uses queues of tasks which one to do first and which one to do later. The whole point of process management is to synchronize different process with different resources. When more than one user is using the resources we have a problem, in this case process manager have the capability of solving them.

Device Manager: This manager is responsible for accessing the input/output devices, while, they have the limitations depending upon the number and speed of the input/output devices as these devices are slower in speed than the speed of the CPU and memory so cutting to the chase, device manager is responsible for the efficient use and functioning properly. File manager: File manager are to control access to files and to supervise the creation, deletion, modification and naming of files, and to store files for archiving and backups.

What is the difference between Desktop OS and Server OS? The same OS for server and Desktop like Ubuntu is different on both of them. Desktop OS is always installed on the client platform. The main usage of a desktop is to run client apps like office, browser, games, videos, and or hardware like mouse, USB, Bluetooth.

While, Server OS main work is to keep it working 24/7 all the servers and server like roles. It needs to be working with various domains. Server OS is used for network applications and it can basically support unlimited user connections. Technically server OS is used for running backend services like DHCP, DNS, etc. This is main need of being a server.

Server platform:

1. Unlimited user connections
2. Use of large amounts of memory
3. It can work as a web server, database server, email server and other server like roles.
4. It is optimized for networks, instead of local apps execution
5. Extended management6. Extended fault tolerance to avoid downtimes
6. It could hold a domain8. It’s expensive.

Desktop platform:

1. Runs client apps, like office, photoshop, games.
2. Easily accessible to web services like email, browsing, searching.
3. Has rich media services
4. User friendly
5. It can work as a member on domain platform.
6. Rich connectivity support
7. It’s cheaper than the server version.

What is Cloud Operating Systems and how is it different from other Operating Systems? A cloud OS is a type of OS designed to operate within cloud computing environment. It manages the operation, execution and processes of virtual machines, servers and infrastructures, along with the back-end hardware with software resources. It may also be called as a virtual OS. It primarily manages the operation of one or more virtual machines with virtualized environment. Depending on these, functionality of cloud operating system varies. For instance, a cloud software system developed to be used at intervals as a computing-specific surroundings which can manage the processes and threads of one or cluster of virtual machines and servers.

Similarly, a light-end cloud OS would possibly provide end users with pre-installed applications and services, accessed through a web browser. Current good examples of cloud OS could be Microsoft Windows Azure and Google Chrome OS. The cloud software package (cloud OS) is employed for managing the cloud resources such they will be used effectively and with efficiency. And accordingly it's the duty of cloud OS to produce convenient interface for users and applications. However, these 2 goals measure usually conflicting as a result of convenient abstraction sometimes wants additional computing resources. Thus, the cloud OS has its own characteristics of resource management and task planning for supporting numerous varieties of cloud applications.

The evolution of cloud OS is indeed driven by these 2 usually conflicting goals and finding the correct exchange between them makes every section of the evolution happen. during this paper, we've investigated the ways that of cloud OS evolution from 3 completely different aspects: enabling technology evolution, OS design evolution and cloud system evolution. We tend to show that finding the acceptable type Apis (application programming interfaces) is crucial for successive section of cloud OS evolution. Convenient interfaces got to be provided while not scarifying potency type of Apis square measure chosen. We tend to gift an API-driven cloud OS, showing the good capability of Apis for developing an improved cloud OS and serving to build and run the cloud system healthily.

What is AliOS? AliOS is a linux distribution developed by Alibaba cloud. It is designed for smart devices such as smart devices. It is an OS based on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). It is brought in order of bringing cloud functionality to mobile devices. AliOS will feature cloud-based email, web search, weather updates, and GPS navigation tools. In addition it synchronizes and store cell data, text messages and photos in the cloud for access across other devices, including personal computers. According to Alibaba AliOS will offer customers 100GB of storage at the launch and it would allow users to access the applications without actually downloading it in the system accessing it through the web browser.