Gingerol'S Neuroprotective Effect In Mice

Introduction

The brain is a complex organ and there are a lot of areas that have not been explored or the information we have is minimal. In the article Neuroprotective Effect and Molecular Mechanism of [6]- Gingerol against Scopolamine- Induce Amnesia in C57BL/6 Mice (2018). A group of scientists explore the benefits of GIN, an ingredient in ginger, and how it appears to reverse impaired cognitive functioning in the hippocampus (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 1). In order to accelerate the deterioration of the brain in mice scientists administer scopolamine (SCO) which damages to the cognitive area of the brain by blocking the Cholinergic system (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 1).

Research and method

A group of scientists conducted a series of tests in C57BL/6 (what are these) mice using experimental tools to extract specific properties of GIN that impair cognitive and memory function. Mice? change their environment according to the amount of GIN at different temperatures and SOC administrations (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 1). A series of test such as the “Y-maze, Morris water maze test, passive avoidance task, [and] contextual fear conditioning” (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018 p. 2-3) were conducted to determine the response and the effect on the brain in mice. The Y-maze tests the mice’s ability to memorize and recognize the environment after adding arms to the maze, according to the equation and the dose administered and tested for a period of 8 minutes (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018 p. 2). In the all trials mice were medicated “

An hour prior to conducting the test the mice were orally administer with FGE(100 or 200mg/kg), DGE(100 or 200mg/kg) or GIN (25mg/kg) and injected a dose of SCO (1mg/kg) thirty minutes prior the test run” (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 2). Secondly the experimenters conducted the Morris water maze- the mice were set inside a pool which contained several cues that helped the mice locate the platform inside the pool (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 2). The mice were also subject to a passive avoidance task where the mice were placed in a bright compartment that allowed them to enter a second compartment with no lights that electrically shocked them when entering and remaining inside the compartment for a short period of time and retrieved after several hours (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 3). The experimenters also conducted contextual fear conditioning where the mice were exposed to seclusion by being “place[d] in a conditioning cage” (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 3) where they were allowed to get familiar with the area and then exposed to loud noises followed by an electroshock (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 3). Lastly the mice were subject to an Immunohistochemistry the mice were sedated and their brain were extracted, incubated at different solution levels, cut into pieces for testing further testing (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 3).

Discussion

After concluding several tests, the results showed the effect of SCO and GIN (FGE and DGE) in mice and how this affects their cognitive and memory function (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 9). Mice completing the Y-maze while exposed to SCO presented a decrease of voluntary change in contrast with those who were exposed to FGE and GIN (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 9).

In the Morris water maze task mice developed an adverse effect by decreasing the ability to find their ending point in mice exposed to SCO, compare to those exposed to FGE or GIN (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 9). Lastly those mice that where part of the passive avoidance and contextual fear conditioning developed a delay and fear to specific areas which were treat with GIN administration overtime (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 9). After conducting further testing it has been suggested that some of the properties in the “GIN provide a benefit to the molecular mechanism by elevating the protein levels of neurotrophic factors in the BDNF” (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 9). Therefore, Gin can be utilized as a potential antagonist to fight memory loss related to diseases such as amnesia (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 9).

Conclusion

In conclusion the active properties found in GIN have shown potential benefits contra attack the progressive deterioration of specific areas of the brain which target the impairment or memory loss in humans (Kim, Seo, Leo, C, Park, and Jang, 2018, p. 9).