Study on How to Use Air Conditioning More Efficient

Introduction

At the beginning of the summer, the temperature begins to rise with the moisture that is intolerable, which leads to the turnout of millions of people to run the marvel of discovery and innovation air conditioner (Varrasi, 2011). These comfortable units are easily used by homeowners to homily change the temperate at home as desired by people either in cold or heated place (Varrasi, 2011). Air conditioning and cooling were tested among the top 10 achievements in mechanical engineering in the 20th century (Varrasi, 2011). The air conditioning and represent around 39% of the energy used in commercial buildings (Carl Ian Graham, 2016). However, the company and government agency It has the potential to achieve significant savings by improving its control over the HVAC processes and improving the efficiency of the system it using (Carl Ian Graham, 2016).

The use of high performance air conditioning equipment to provide a large amount of energy also saves the cost of 10% to 40% (Carl Ian Graham, 2016). Willis Carrier is the inventor of modern air conditioners, Willis Carrier at the beginning of the invention at the Pittsburgh train station saw a heavy fog in 1902 and stared into the fog and realized he could lighten the air by passing it through the water to form mist (Carrier Corporation 2019). It was then realized that doing so would make it possible to manufacture air in specific quantities of moisture after a year completing his invention to control humidity on the basic building block of modern adaptation (Carrier Corporation 2019). Willis Carrier designed the world’s first modern air conditioning system in 1902 (Carrier Corporation 2019). There are two main types of air conditioning products Split system window wall units (energyrating.gov, 2019).

The aim of this essay is to show how home air conditioning systems in residential can be made more efficient, by looking into what is air conditioning and how many kinds of air conditioning do we have and how to make home air conditioning system more efficient.

Research questions

1. How to make home air conditioning system more efficient?
2. What is air conditioning?
3. How many kinds of air conditioning do we have?
4. How cooling of AC works

Hypothesis

Home air conditioning systems could be made more efficient while saving energy

Heading

Air conditioning

The air conditioning is a process used to maintain both temperature and relative humidity and to maintain the purity of indoor air and it is done by applying this process to keep the comfort of people in homes, businesses, shops and closed spaces regardless of outside conditions (ASHRAE, 2019). Furthermore they were used for industrial applications to keep equipment and machinery working properly (ASHRAE, 2019). However, that should work in certain environmental conditions instead to be able to perform industrial processes, this makes the heat increasingly must be disposed of in some way or another,

In addition to the need for temperature and humidity requirements for people (ASHRAE, 2019). “The air conditioning it is a system for controlling the humidity, ventilation, and temperature in a building or vehicle, typically to maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions” (lexico, 2019). Willis Carrier Born November 26, 1876, in Angola, New York, earned engineering degree from Cornell University in 1901. Designed the world’s first modern air conditioning system in 1902. Inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1985 also named one of TIME magazine’s 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century in 1998 (Carrier Corporation 2019). In 1758, the American inventor Benjamin Franklin experimented with cooling some liquids, which began when the Romans spent more time in the heat of the sun (Varrasi, 2011).

The effects of the liquid fluid were associated with the speed of evaporation and then began using ether and a blower to cool the mercury thermometer to 25 degrees below freezing in collaboration with Cambridge University professor John Hadley (Varrasi, 2011). In 1820, the British inventor Michael Faraday had the properties of gas cooling when he compressed and filtered ammonia to allow it to evaporate, he could cool the air inside his laboratory (Cooper, 2019). John Gurry, doctor from a Florida city who was patented in 1851 (Cooper, 2019). He has invented a machine to keep yellow fever patients quiet, the Gurry machine compressed air and water to create an open cooling system (Cooper, 2019). John Gory's cold air machine was the first easy invention for mechanical cooling, as well as the first invention that looked like a modern air conditioner (Cooper, 2019).

Types of air conditioning

The types of air conditioning is cooling only split unit system, cooling only packaged system, heat pump, chilled water system, window air conditioners and packaged terminal heat Pump (University of Central Florida, 2015). This project will faces on two types of air conditioning which are split unit system and window air conditioners. The split Unit air conditioner is usually used in residential and commercial more famous common among all air conditioning units because It can be placed in all places also it is small in size perform action and control air movement by remote control (Energy.gov, n.d.).

In addition, it is divided into two internal and external parts, inside evaporator and expansion valve, outside compressor and condenser, the connection between internal and external parts is carried out through pipes, the saves energy consumption and easy to maintain, the maximum cooling capacity may be up to 15 tons. (Energy.gov, n.d.). The window air conditioner units the maximum cooling capacity may be up to 4 tons, there are some types of air conditioners so called safety air conditioners which are expensive because they are guaranteed not to cause fire or explosion (Energy.gov, 2014). Consumption of energy depends on the cleanliness of the air conditioner from the inside and outside as well as the type of electric head connected to the power source (Energy.gov, 2014). Easy in the process of maintenance so that it does not need an expert or a specialist technician as in the case and easy to transport and maintenance, somewhat annoying, clean air is very weak and fresh air has natural air which is very effective in spring and winter (Energy.gov, 2014).

How cooling cycle of AC works

The cooling circuit consists of four main parts compressor, condenser, expansion valves and evaporator (Pete Hoffman, n.d.). The compressor function in the compression cycle is to raise the vapor pressure of the liquid medium from low pressure to higher pressure, the pressure of the vapor increases and the heat leaks through the condenser tube to the outside (Pete Hoffman, n.d.). The function of the condenser in the steam compression cycle is to receive the vapor of the high-pressure hot air compressor from the compressor and remove it from the heat absorbed in the evaporator, this heat is the heat of the roasting and as well as the heat resulting from filling the compressor and expelling the heat to the surrounding medium (Pete Hoffman, n.d.). The purpose of the control valve is to control the flow of the cooling medium by the high pressure condenser in the cycle to the low-pressure evaporator (Smarter House, 2015).

In the evaporator the cooling medium evaporates and expands at low pressure in the evaporator (University of Central Florida, 2015). The vapor evaporator is low in temperature, and because the evaporative tube of the evaporator is located on the side of the room to be cooled, the evaporator acquires heat from the room air and the room temperature decreases the cooling medium draws the evaporative heat from contact with the room air (University of Central Florida, 2015).

How to make home air conditioning system more efficient

Air conditioners are rated by the number of British Thermal Units (BTU) of heat they can be removed each hour (Pennsylvania State University, 2018). Each volume air Conditioner is calculated in tons of 12,000 (BTU) per hour, consists of an energy rate that lists the number of units (BTU), that are removed or withdrawn for each watt of energy extracted (Pennsylvania State University, 2018). The room air condition ranges from 5500 to 14000 (BTU) per hour, the efficiency meter inside the room is the energy efficiency ratio (EER) (Pennsylvania State University, 2018).

From 1972 to 1991, home appliance manufacturers show an average rate of EER for room air conditioners, an increase of 47%, if the room air conditioner dating back to the 1970s, which had an EER of 5, and if replaced by a new one with EER of 10, the air conditioning will reduce energy costs by 50% (Pennsylvania State University, 2018). In 1990 the room air conditioner standards were set which have an energy consumption ratio of 8.0 EER (Pennsylvania State University, 2018). From 1990 to 2000, energy efficiency standards reduced approximately $ 50 million, in 2000 start go down carbon emissions (Environmental and energy study institute, 2002). Also peak generation needs declined by 21,000 MW, this is equivalent 70 million power plants with the replacement of old devices with new devices will continue to have a positive impact on energy efficiency standards in growth from 1990 to 2030 (Environmental and energy study institute, 2002).

Analysis

This analysis illustrate the first air conditioner was manufactured in 1902 by Willis Carrier he is an American citizen and holds a mechanical engineering degree (Carrier Corporation, 2019). There are several types of air conditioning this shows two types of them window air condition and split unit air condition (University of Central Florida, 2015). the Split unit air conditioner is better than window conditioner in terms of performance and most common among all air conditioners can be controlled by a person remotely also saves energy, in addition to that is easy maintenance and is divided into two internal and external (Energy.gov, n.d.). The cooling circuit is to convert the vapor into a liquid by raising the pressure and starting from the compressor and exiting high pressure to the condenser to remove the absorbed heat (Energy.gov, n.d.).

After that expansion valve reduces the pressure of coolant liquid to evaporator pressure (Energy.gov, n.d.). The convert liquid with medium pressure and low temperature to gas, low pressure and low temperature due to absorption of heat and moisture from the desired space (Energy.gov, n.d.). Air conditioners are rated by the number, the called British thermal units (BTU) also energy efficiency ratio (EER) (Pennsylvania State University, 2018). The air conditioners are calculated in 12000 tons (BTU), the room air condition ranges from 5500 to 14000 (BTU) per hour (Pennsylvania State University, 2018). In 2000, peak generation requirements decreased by 21,000 M (Pennsylvania State University, 2018). If the old devices are replaced with new ones, they will have a positive impact on the energy efficiency standards of growth from 1990 to 2030 (Pennsylvania State University, 2018).

Conclusion

It seems that the air conditioner making human comfort in enclosed spaces and maintaining a certain temperature while absorbing relative humidity. The first air conditioner was invention in 1902 by Willis Carrier, the air conditioner is rated as one of the best inventions. This project focused on two types of air conditioning split unit system the maximum cooling capacity may be up to 15 tons and window air conditioners the maximum cooling capacity may be up to 4 tons.

The cooling circuit consists of four main parts compressor, condenser, expansion valves and evaporator. Air conditioners are rated by the number of (BTU) of heat they can be removed each hour, the room air condition want between 5500 to14000 (BTU) per hour. From 1972 to 1991, home appliance manufacturers show an average rate of EER for room air conditioners, an increase of 47%. As the air conditioner changes to the new one, we will get a saving of 50%.

Recommendations

If all air conditioners are replaced with a new power consumption, the power consumption will reach 8.0 EER and save up to $ 50 million.

Limitations

This report focused on only two types of air conditioning, I could not collect more information because the sources not enough, also that almost all the information in the other sources similarity.