In 1346, Europe was faced with the spread of the Black Death claiming the lives of twenty million people. The population was slowly dwindling thanks to the often fatal disease, leaving lasting effects on European society. Over a time period spanning approximately four years, from...
A virus can be defined as an infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the cells of a host. Viruses provide a...
Don't forget the world we live in. there are numerous specific human beings dwelling in this world. Now consider the envisioned 7 billion people on this planet, approximately 4,2 hundred,000,000 people or ⅓ of human beings had been losing lifeless due to a disorder that...
Ebola is a rare, often considered as a fatal disease in humans. discovered at the first time in 1976 by Ebola river, it is caused by five Ebola virus species. Ebola is a highly infectious disease which spreads to people by contact with the blood,...
Back in the year 1346 – 1353, a deadly disease is known as Black Death that is also known as the Bubonic Plague that infects the lymphatic system (part of the immune system), had spread across Europe. People from then felt so much terror because...
Introduction Humans have been experiencing the effects of Yersinia pestis since the Bronze Ages. Yersinia pestis is the bacteria responsible for the historically famous plague outbreaks, such as The Black Death. Alexandre Yersin discovered the pathogen responsible for the Plague in 1984. Alexandre identified the...
Because the Ebola Virus is so highly contagious, spreading the virus to family members, who helped care for the patient and even those that bury the patient, is almost unavoidable. One way to gain community acceptance is by allowing proper traditional burials while taking the...
Introduction Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a severely brutal disease that can lead towards death. The mortality rates have been found to be approximately 90% and the symptoms may appear soon after an incubation period of 2 to 21 days. These symptoms include intense fever,...
In this essay, we will be talking about the Black Death, a disease that has completely changed Europe and its history in the Middle Age. There are going to be covered many aspects like the symptoms of the disease, the effects on the population and...
D. A Henderson, a prominent epidemiologist, stated that “Dropping anatomic bomb could cause casualties in a specific area, but dropping smallpox could engulf the world.' Epidemics are so powerful and could wipe out an entire population in a matter of months. In the 1300s, around...
Ebola causes problems with how your blood clots, that is why it is called the hemorrhagic fever. The problems with blood clotting lead to internal bleeding. There have been six different strains found. The types of strains are the Zaire virus, sudan virus, Taï Forest...
A disease that wiped out an estimate of 25-30 million people occurred in the mid 1300s and is still considered as one of the most devastating global epidemics so far, the bubonic plague. Also known as the black death the bubonic plague was sickness that...
Introduction The Ebola Virus Disease (EDV) solicited global attention in 2014. Ebola virus is an enveloped virus with a cylindrical shape that contains a nucleocapsid with negative-sense RNA2. Belonging to the Filoviridae family, it is responsible for causing severe, and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in...
Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a large, double stranded DNA virus that infects many tissues of the human body (Whitley and Roizman, 2001). Most common are the oral cavity and genital regions, where it causes cold sores and genital lesions, while less common tissues...
Summary or abstract Zika is compacted as ZIKV is an arthropod virus that belongs to genus flaviviridae. It was first of all selected or isolated from non-human living body. ZIKV got spread by stinging of mosquitoe. Since half a century ZIKV remain occasional later on...
Malaria is an infection which has high risk of raising it's head in our country at any time, though it belongs to diseases common in tropics. The parasite causing the malarial infection comes under protozoans as genus Plasmodium which group is responsible for the spreading...
Introduction Hepatitis C is a virus which is being extensively researched due to its prevalence in developing countries such as Egypt and link to liver cirrhosis and other disease. This bloodborne virus, which has infected around 170 million people worldwide and has caused chronic hepatitis...
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is of two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, both classified as alphaherpesviruses (a category of human herpesviruses) (1). HSV-1 and HSV-2 both have the potential to lead to a viral infection in not only adults, but also neonates through perinatal acquisition, the...
Herpes is a skin infection with one amongst Human herpesviruses, particularly simplex sorts one and a couple of. Attacks the system nervous and must accept this for a life with having to require medication management to regulate to manage} the viruses and control the outbreaks...
Herpes is a very common viruѕ thаt саuѕеѕ ѕоrеѕ on уоur gеnitаlѕ аnd/оr mоuth. Hеrреѕ is not lifе threatening and usually doesn't lead tо any lоng tеrm ѕеriоuѕ health рrоblеmѕ. Thiѕ viruѕ аffесtѕ thе еxtеrnаl genitalia, аnаl rеgiоn, muсоѕаl ѕurfасеѕ, and ѕkin in оthеr раrtѕ...
As a young girl, I remember waiting in line at the nurse’s station at Redondo Elementary School to get, “the shot”. This shot in 1971 was given to every student within my school and to this day the permeant scare remains. It is a reminder...
When discussing measles, an acute and highly contagious viral respiratory infection, it is important to note that it is the number one vaccine preventable killer of children and the most common killer of children less than five years of age (Gans & Maldonado, 2017; World...
When the measles vaccine became available, nearly all children were exposed to and contracted measles by age 15, prior to 1963 (CDC, 2019). To this day, measles remains a leading disease in many parts of the world even though a low-cost vaccine is available. With...
Imagine a world without medicine. Those who became ill were given days to live until the disease completely overtook their bodies. Their organs began to shut down, eventually killing the person suffering from this disease. This was the world before the year 1860. People were...
Introduction It’s hard to imagine -in this day of super antibiotics and advanced medicine - but there was a time in history when a single disease could cause the deaths of thousands of people virtually overnight. Throughout history many outbreaks of diseases occurred to leave...
Introduction There are many different types of infectious diseases. These include bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, and protozoal diseases. Amongst the bacterial diseases is Chlamydia. Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Chlamydia affects an estimated 2.86 million people...
Chlamydia is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the United Sates, especially among young women. While this infection is curable, it can yield complications for women who are pregnant. Chlamydia is known to be linked to adverse outcomes such as preterm premature rupture of...
Skin is a suitable model for various microenvironments. Collaboration of environmental microorganisms with infant's epithelial skin cells lead to colonization of micro-flora. Depending on the description of the human immune-system many microorganisms are neutral and beneficial, although some organisms can be pathogenic. According to the...
Abstract Keywords: Pneumonia Detection, Densely Connected Neural Network, Mask Region based CNN Introduction Winter fever or Pneumonia; an acute respiratory tract infection, that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, is mainly identified by fever, coughing and dyspnea (Duthey et al., 2013). A certain...
The incidence of pneumonia varies depending on sub-category, geographical location, patient population and healthcare setting. For example, in the United States of America (USA) from 2010 to 2012 it was estimated that the average incidence of CAP was 24.8 cases per 10,000 adults with a...
Broncholithiasis has been found in literature dating back to 200 BC with cases reported by the Galean and Aristotle in 300 BC and by Groftenberg in 1600 and Boerhaave in 1700 with descriptions of patients “spitting stones”(1). Broncholithiasis is an uncommon condition where caliculi (calcified)...
Pneumonia is an infection that causes the tissue in either 1 or both lungs to become inflamed, this can be caused by different types of organisms, but is most commonly caused by a bacterial infection in the upper respiratory tract. When pneumonia affects both of...
Freedom of movement, a term that has existed for many years is a civil right concept encompassing the right of individuals to travel from place to place. In this modern era, globalization and digitization connect people across great distances and bringing them together due to...
Brief Introduction An infectious disease is an impairment to normal tissue functions that is caused by the invasion of a host by agents who through their activities harm the host’s tissues, and it can be transmitted to another person i.e. infectious. The difference between an...
Introduction Tokyo is the capital city of Japan, and has been considered as the urban centre which is the largest in the world. In the year 1853, Matthew C.Perry who was the Navy commodore of United States sailed into the Bay of Tokyo with his...
Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) are referred to as diseases that are newly recognized or diseases whose incidence has increased over time. It may be a disease that we know of and that still persists. When some of these diseases do not directly affect us, these...
Abstract ZIKV as an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the family of flavivirde.(1-3) The rapid geographical expansion and the rampant effect of zika virus (ZIKV) in the recent years have posed serious threat to human life, which lead World Health Organization to declare...
As far back as history dates, various studies present that viruses have existed for billions of years, and with the lack of historical footprint it is difficult to complete a definite timeline. However, it was not until 1886 when discovery of disease transfer was discovered,...
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