Freud's Stages Of Psychosexual Development On The Certain Case Example

Adam a five-year-old child was having difficulties at school, he faced many physical and mental problems. He was impulsive, couldn’t control his behavior and emotions, and physically hurt other children. His parents were running into a divorce that leads Adam to negative side effects. He was dependent.

Early childhood development is defined as the following: it is the physical, psychological, cognitive, and social development that the child experiences between birth and school-going age. It is for this reason important for parents and childcare workers to focus on building a strong foundation in early childhood. (Churchill & Lippman, 2016).

Purpose OF This Assignment: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mental, physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development of the child.

The early years in childhood development show a special chance to promote healthy development and research has emphasized the significance of the first five years of life.

Emotional Development

It is defined as the emerging ability of the youngster ages (0 till 5)” to construct a close and fixed adolescence and peer connections; experience and show emotions in the society, and tour the environment and learn in a family and from the community”. (Yates, 2008).The researches around children’s emotional development have been discussed lately for decades. That said that emotional competencies are increasing in school, in adulthood stage, and later phases of life (Thompson & Lagatta,2008).Adam’s emotional development is in great difficulty since he’s being impulsive and he couldn’t control his behavior and he’s physically hurting other children.

Warmth and Responsiveness

Every family must be surrounded with love, warmth, and care. Warmth is highly important for the child and all researches have supported this intuition. A warm parent always gives love, warmth to his child gives all the attention to his child, and puts the child's priorities in the first step. Parents treat their children with enthusiasm and are so sensitive with them and with their activities. (Bee and Boyd, 2009). Responsiveness is another important element to nurture a family. Responsive parents act sensitively with their children and children feel secure and attached to them. Adam lacks the warmth of his parents due to divorce. Adams doesn’t feel secure, he cries always. He’s so sensitive since he is deprived of the warmth in his family, Adam might start to think of suicidal thoughts. He’ll also have mental problems such as high levels of aggression, less levels of IQ, and delinquent behavior in later childhood or adolescence stage.

Parental Divorce

Divorce: The topic of divorce is very common nowadays mostly everyone has been touched by it. Divorce and parental separation are damaging to children. Divorce has been shown to diminish a child’s future competence in all areas of life, including emotional well-being. There are many negative effects of divorce on the children such as difficult temperament in the child or excessive marital conflict between parents (Cherlin, Chase- Lansdale and Mc Rae, 1998). That’s why children whose parents are separated may experience many effects. In Adam's case whose parents are divorced, Adam has to stay with his mother during the weekend and with his dad during the week. Adam will have declines in school performance in the long. Adam is spending most of the time with his dad. He will have a difficult temperament. Divorce has many negative effects on the child such as depression, aggression which will show higher rates in children. Moreover, researchers have found that divorce has an emotional impact on kids. Adam will feel relieved by separation and will lose daily contact with one parent. Furthermore, child bond will be affected and researchers have found that divorce affects the relationship also, (Morin, 2019)

According to Piaget’s Theory, cognitive development is defined as the ability to think, reason, understand and problem solve. It is the process by which people’s thinking changes across the lifespan. Piaget studied cognitive development by observing the age of children. Adam’s case is the pre-operational stage which is from 2 till 7years old and Adam is a five-year-old kid. Piaget suggested four main causes for cognitive development: two that are internal and two external and Piaget also claimed that cognitive development depends on the environmental terms (Bee and Beyond, 2009).To start with the two environmental factors are experience and social transmission. Social transmission is what is transmitted to the child from parents, teachers from the information. According to Piaget experience allows the child to experience friends and the school around him. Moving to the equilibration and maturation stages. The equilibration is a cogential mechanical reaction. In this stage, equilibrium helps to explain how children move from one stage to another. It is also vital to make a balance between applying previous knowledge (assimilation) and changing behavior for new knowledge (accommodation).This shows that Adam in this stage will use symbols to express his feelings. As a preschooler kid, Adam will face difficulty in egocentrism. He will not cope with friends. He’ll be antisocial.

Personality and Temperament: Personality plays a very important role in an individual personal life. Personality development helps a person to develop a positive attitude in life. In Adam’s case, Adam will develop a negative attitude later in his adolescence stage. Whereas child temperament refers to constitutionally-based individual differences in behavioral style that are visible from early childhood (Rothbart & Bates, 1998). Three broad aspects of temperament are gaining wide acceptance . Negative reactivity refers to high-intensity negative reactions such as irritability, whining, and whingeing. Approach/inhibition describes the tendency of a child to approach certain situations or conversely to withdraw from new people and situations. (Bee & Beyond,2009). However, Adam’s temperament will difficult, he will not socialize and easily go with others, He’ll respond with anger. So, temperament is the principle for every childhood stage. Freud proposed that psychological development in childhood development takes place during five psychosexual stages; Oral stage (Birth to 1 year), Anal stage(1 to 3 years ), Phallic stage(3 to 5 years ), Latency stage(5 to 12 years ), and the genital stage (12 to 18 years ). (Bee & Beyond,2009). Freud stressed that the first five years of life are crucial to the formation of adult personality. In Adam’s case, he is five years old which can be matched to the phallic stage (3 to 6 years). Sensitivity now becomes concentrated in the genitals and masturbation becomes a new source of pleasure. Adam becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets in motion the conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy, and fear which Freud called Oedipus conflict(in boys ). (Bee & Beyond, 2009). This is resolved through the process of identification, which involves the child adopting the characteristics of the same-sex parent. Furthermore, the most important aspect of the phallic stage is the Oedipus conflict, in young boys. Oedipus's conflict arises because the boy develops sexual (pleasurable) desires for his mother. The little boy starts to imitate his dad which is called identification. Identification is defined to internally adopt the values, attitudes, and behaviors of another person, while in the latency stage (5 till 12 years old) and in this stage, the child starts to play with the same sex where they make groups of boys and groups of girls. (Churchill & Lippman, 2016). According to Freud, in each stage, there should be a healthy environment that satisfies the special needs for each stage which is lacked in Adam’s case due to the divorce of his parents so he is not getting the appropriate right parental care. He will suffer many problems in language skills and communication. He may have difficulties in joining up two sentences together, or in the spelling Bee competitions, he might not spell words right. The child requires knowledge from the environment so, it plays a crucial role in the communication and discussion with the child but here in Adam’s case he cannot share his day-to-day problems with his mother and his father will be at work at the time Adam will be home. He will face problems also in grammar which is based on vocabulary development, the more words he acquires the fastest he will make sentences. (Churchill & Lippman, 2016). The linguistic environment affects the language of the child, the more time the mother reads stories to her son the fastest he will catch up with language with her. The child is so smart that every word his mother says and repeats goes to his long-term memory to use later on. (Bee & Boyd, 2009). Moreover, the child imitates the actions of his mother and tries to do the same. Repetition, helps the child to require language faster. On the contrary, Erikson’s psychosocial stage, he relied on society and his stages were the following: the first is the basic trust versus mistrust: (birth to one year) where the child develops a sense of trust and learns some healthy mistrust moving to the second stage autonomy versus shame and double( two to three years): where Erikson’s sees the child as a toddler where he child starts to understand which behavior is right or wrong and what puts his life into danger and what is safe while, in the initiative versus guilt( four to five year), where the child starts to develop cognitive skills and parents punishments with their children to stop such behaviors.( Churchill & Lippman,2016). In the industry versus inferiority (six to twelve years). Adam will face problems in learning, writing, reading, and solving problems.

A family is important to any person because family is a universal institution and a close unit of persons emotionally attached. The family unit is very crucial to the development, growth of the family members. I grew up in a family where love and warmth are our priority things and basics. I feel complete in my life since my family has provided me and enriched me with all the care, security, and responsiveness. We are all attached to happiness and sadness. Furthermore, I feel so lucky, happy, and proud of my family since it fulfills my all needs and provides proper guidance for me and my sisters. My family plays a great role in teaching good manners and habits to us. Moreover, it helps in raising the best character. Respect is a must in my family, every night we gather to discuss and negotiate about certain life issues, we share our problems in front of both dad and mom since they explain to us what is right and what is wrong by providing examples and how to prevent things from happening. My childhood was so amazing since I was the first child in my mother and dad's family so I took all the special warmth and care from everyone. The parenting style used in my family is the authoritative style a combination of reasoned control, support, and concerns. My family wants us to be responsible and mature and most importantly they believe in us, that’s why we have high self-confidence. My parents used to punish me but not violent punishments. In addition to that, I am now proud of the girl I became, independent and I can handle any obstacle I face in life. Rules are set from the beginning and should be obeyed and followed an open discussion is always allowed. Supervision and a helping hand are always there whenever needed. In my family life, love plays the role of a magic bullet that helps you to overcome all the difficulties that come across your path. You can share all your sorrows and pleasures also with people who really love you and care for you. The love of my family is my ultimate confidence and strength in life. Summing up, family is very vital in our everyday life, it teaches us the value of affection, truthfulness, and self-confidence and provides us tools and suggestions which are necessary to get success in life. The most important aim in everyone’s life to build a successful relationship with families. Finally, we should take care of choosing the right person for marriage to prevent divorce since as shown in Adam’s case it affected him negatively in his childhood and will continue to disturb and destruct him later in adolescence stage, we should build a new generation that is enriched with warmth and love.