Enhanced Multi-Hop Routing For Smart Home Network Transmission

ABSTRACT

The proposed work is a simple and efficient routing scheme for the Smart, Intelligent Home Wireless Networks (SIHWNs). Its main features are reliable; reduce path loss, energy efficient and high throughput routing. In these multi-hop topology is used to achieve minimum power and to increase the network lifetime. The proposed function is designed using constructive node, which has high energy and minimum distance to the receiver. In this research work, multi-hop routing is enhanced to reduce the path loss while transmitting the signals between sender and receiver. This proposed routing scheme is used for Residual energy factor balances energy efficient routing scheme by increasing lifetime of nodes ensures successful packet delivery in SIHWN. Proposed work performs well to increase the lifetime of the battery power and reduce path loss. The performance of the enhanced multi-hop routing scheme is investigated through simulations carried out in ns2. It is observed that the proposed routing scheme can reduce energy consumption substantially while signal transmissions by controlling the path loss.

Keywords: Wireless Home Area Network, Residual Energy, Path Loss, Multi-hop Routing.

INTRODUCTION

The Smart Intelligent Home Wireless Network (SIHWN) is a smart, intelligent networks act as multiple network connectivity within the home, small industry or office. Based on the types, different slot scheduling time based multiple networks are connected. They are either industry area network or office area network. The stability of the network is dependent on the cost function and it selects high energy efficiency nodes. The improved network stability and high packet delivery to the receiver are intelligent based monitoring; link efficiency also maintained in the smart intelligent system. Simple, smart home, office and industry wireless networks are used to monitor certain factor in many applications like environment based monitoring. In this different type of environment, network can be used for multiple network slot scheduling techniques, such that battlefield, agriculture field monitoring, industry monitoring, office monitoring and smart homes. This is new emerging multi-field of hybrid networks.

A key application of hybrid network is the variety of monitoring. Sensors are placed in multiple networks of different places an example, smart home network sensors placed on the door, kitchen, room, light, etc. Uses of Smart home wireless network technology are to monitor sensor attributes significantly reduces the human workload at home. With the help of home network technology, humans are monitored at home for a longer time. The sensors continuously sense home network data and forward to the base station. Sensor nodes are working with the limited energy level. Different energy efficient routing protocols are proposed in WSN technology and a smart home network has different architectures, application and operates a variety of monitoring schemes. The energy efficient routing protocol for SHN is a need to monitor home or things for a long time. The problem of the work is to reduce path loss, high throughput, stable for smart network systems required minimum attenuation, high reliability and long life. Therefore, these sensors always transmit their data directly to the base station. In the network deploy, the sensor nodes on the home are situated at different fixed places. Sometimes sensors have critical data on home. So, the other sensors follow their base station node and transmit their data to receiver through forwarder node. Finally, it saves energy of home network nodes and it works for a longer period [1].

RELATED WORK: Hemant Ghayvat, Subhas Mukhopadhyay et al proposed a design for smart home system in real-time and wellness sensor networks. This home environment deploying actuator nodes based on the wireless sensor. The actuator nodes generate data related to the object usage and movement inside the home. It forecast the wellness of an individual and wellness stands for how efficiently fit in the home environment. In the smart home implement in different home condition to monitor the daily activities of the wellness detection [2]. Kamrul Islam, Weiming Shen et al smart home sensor quality through offering various automated, interactive and comfortable service. It incorporated in different places in homes, buildings and offices and utilities are used to sense and monitor resident’s positions, movement, humidity levels of rooms, etc. sensors cooperate and communicate with each other to deliver and share information. The wireless sensors, decision-making procedures by triggering appropriate alerts and actions.

The smart home major issue is privacy and security of sensor nodes [3]. Ming Xu, Longhua Ma et al introduced a design and implement the Zigbee technology-based wireless sensor networks. In this network support multi-hop communications with the routing algorithm based on the Dijkstra algorithm. The system designs the collection of Zigbee nodes, Zigbee network coordinator, GPRS network, monitoring system and it forms a network topology of smart home systems [4]. Sivabalan, Rathipriya et al proposed transmission-receiver based slot scheduling techniques for wireless network. Energy efficient transmission and receive based sleep scheduling techniques are applied to an individual wireless network [5]. The Smart home intelligent network protocol is used for the time division multiple access (TDMA) that sleep schedule the transmission of nodes with minimum path loss. The base station acts as a parent node and remaining nodes are a child or relay nodes; it collects data from different nodes and the base station. The smart home network used to store and forward mechanism to increase the data to reach success in all areas in the home. Maximum to avoid the retransmitting causes more energy to consume. In a smart home intelligent network technology, lots of routing schemes are proposed. This protocol, each node selects a minimum hop count and that is the shortest path from source to destination. When one node gets any disturbance means another route automatically selects an optimal route.

METHODOLOGY

The aim is to minimize energy consumption for smart home networks, reduce path loss and increase throughput, to achieve a longer stability time. The Proposed Smart Home Intelligent Network has the following phases. i. Radio model creationii. Node initializationiii. Best neighbor node selection and finally iv. Scheduling. These four phases are used to develop home network. It is used to monitor device condition with limited power resources. Many other energy efficient routing schemes are used to forward the data packet from home sensors to base station. The sensing data reliably received high energy efficient node or base station. The proposed scheme has simple mobility. They deploy sink in the multiple fixed places. Whenever receiver nodes go away from transmission range of nodes, it uses the user node which collects data from the sensor in multiple places. Some movable sensor also available in the home network and that stage the wireless link by the receiver will be disconnected. This stage link failure occurs, at the time it consumes more energy of sensor nodes and child nodes also packets dropped and data to be a loss. Parent node and child nodes stay alive for a longer time; this also consumes minimum energy with throughput. Figure2 shows the smart home controller between a user and home appliances [7].

Radio Model Creation

The radio model for the proposed approach is discussed in this section. It consider,d- the separation between transmitter and receiver d2 -the loss of energy due to transmission channel. First order radio model are in the equations (1),(2) they are derived as follows. ET x(k, d) = ET x−e (k) + ET x−amp(k, d)ET x(k, d) = ET x−e × k + Eamp × k × d2 (1)ERx(k) = ERx−e(k)ERx(k) = ERx−e × k ERx(k) = ERx−e × k (2)where,ETx –energy consumed in transmission sideERx – energy consumed by receiver sideETx-e, ERx-e – Energy required to run the electronic circuit of ETx and ERxEa - Energy required for amplifierK – packet sizeIn SHN, the communication medium is smart home, which contributes radio signal. Therefore, add path loss coefficient parameter pl in radio model.

ET x(k, d) = Ee × k + Ea × p × k × dpl

Node Initialization

Deploy eight sensor nodes on a smart home and all are having equal power. Multiple places have sensors and it may be parent node or child nodes in particular smart home network. In this phase receiver or child nodes broadcast an information packet which contains the location of the child node on the home. After communication between among nodes this control packet, each node stores the location of child nodes and information packet which contains the particular node id with the location and its energy status. In this way, all the nodes update with its location and neighbors location.

Neighbor Node Selection

The multi hop scheme energy will be saved and enhanced the network throughput. The base station or parent node will forward the packet, and balance energy consumption among all other sensor nodes. Protocol selects new forwarder in multiple routes and sink knows the particular ID, distance and the remaining energy status of the child nodes. It computes the cost function all parent, child nodes and transmits this cost function to all nodes. Based on the cost function, each parent or child node decides whether it become forward or not. Cost Function = Distance (node)/ Remaining Energy(node)Where the distance between a particular node and sink, remaining energy of the same node and is calculated by subtract the current energy to initial total energy. A forwarder node prefer for the maximum cost function of the node. From the source to destination all the neighbor nodes stick together with the forwarder or intermediate node and transmit their data. This node aggregates data and forward to a receiver or base station.

According to the cost function forwarder node has maximum residual energy and minimum distance to sink [8]. SchedulingThe intermediate or forwarder node assigns a Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) based on time slots of particular single wireless network. Multiple slot sleep scheduling techniques are available in wireless networks and transmit-based, receive-based slot sleep scheduling mechanism used in the smart home networks. This scheduling technique some nodes are in active mode, idle mode, sleep mode and based on the mode sensor nodes minimizing the energy dissipation of individual sensor node.

PERFORMANCE METRICS

Lifetime of Home network: The intermediate nodes play an important role to balance the energy among the parent nodes. For each route selection, new forwarder is selected based on the computed cost function. Source to destination appropriate new forwarder node to be selected for each path selection and node consumes all are equal energy in each round. Our proposed protocol achieves 31% more stability and increased the network lifetime [9]. Network Stability: Network stability in the sense how the network is efficient working in the proper transmission based and receive based scheduling techniques. Figure 3 shows packets received at sink. Throughput: Throughput is the successful packet received at the receiver or base station. The smart home network is critical and important data from within the home, it requires a minimum packet drop and maximum successful data received at the receiver or sinks. The protocol achieves higher throughput than old protocol and the number of packets send or receiver depends on the number of active nodes. The active nodes are in active mode, so send more packets to the receiver which increases throughput of the network.

The average energy of network in each connection of parent and child rounds presented in the figure 4. The proposed method uses multiple hop topology connection of each node transmits packet to the sink or receiver through intermediate nodes. Select the appropriate intermediate or forwarder in each path selection method based on saves energy. In the multiple hop topology connection uses different intermediate node for transfer packets from one to another and so restricts over loading of the particular node. The protocol consumes minimum energy with maximum simulation time. That means enough energy for transmitting more data packet to sink [10]. Figure 5 shows number of dead nodes. Path loss: Path loss represents smart home network signal attenuation. The path loss is related to the attenuation factor per floor, attenuation factor per wall. In the following formulae used in Pico cell path loss model and its cover range from within the building, home, and office [11, 12]. L= L1 + 20log r + nf af + nw awaf = attenuation factor per floornf = number of floorsaw = attenuation factor per wallnw = number of wallsL1 = reference path loss at r =1 mThe figure 6 shows the result of the path loss where it depicts the improvement of the proposed approach.

CONCLUSION

This paper, proposed an enhanced multi-hop routing for Smart Home Network and this scheme uses a cost function to select the proper path to sink/destination. Based on the cost function it calculates the remaining energy for the entire route nodes. In the particular node has a minimum cost function value, its select parent node and all other nodes are child node. The child nodes are forward the data to the parent node and it selects best neighbor node. The home network, multiple places fix the sensor nodes to sense the data to sink. The child nodes act as intermediate nodes produce good results to send and receive data for entire route. Finally it has minimum path loss and well energy efficient data transmission scheme used to the home network. The results shows that the proposed approach outperforms the existing approach.