Wood Shavings And Mango Seed Fiber As Component In Wood-plastic Panels

As the years go by, development in particular countries occur and part of this is the increasing rate of population. At the same time, people remained to take place in producing waste. This became a part of daily lives in each individual, that is needed to be prevented due to the danger it causes in the whole environment.

The dominance of the production of waste is one of the significant scenario which cause a big problem in the world that remains as a controversial topic among each country. According to Simmons (2016), 1.3 billion tons of waste are generated by each nation every year, which is expected to soar to 4 billion tons by 2100, according to Ede Ijjasz-Vasquez, senior director of the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice World Bank.

The leading countries of producing waste are the United States, China, Brazil, Japan and Germany. The United states made about 228 million tons of waste in 2006, a total that climbed to 254 tons by 2013. Meanwhile, China (with a population around four times larger than that of the U.S.) is left behind, with 190 million tons of waste each year. The more urbanized and industrialized a country becomes, the more trash it produces, Ijjasz-Vasquez, 2016, stated. The UNEP assumes the amount of waste will probably double in lower-income African and Asian cities as a result of the growth of the population, urbanization and a rising consumption (Simmons, 2016).

Waste, a five letter word that is indeed shall be a phenomenon. As countries around the globe witness Earth Day, one of the most intimidating issues facing the world is the increasing waste problem, that impairs public health, causes the environment pollution and pressures to kill some poor countries in toxicity. More than half the population of the world do not have access to regular trash collection, an unwell statistic given the amount of garbage created globally. Some professionals say the trash of the globe are at a crisis level (Simmons, 2016).

On January 27,2019, Sunday, the campaign that cleaned the coastline of the Manila Bay took away more than 40 tons of waste that were on the shore. The 11 truckloads of trash were collected by 5,000 government employees and volunteers as portion of the drive to renovate the bay, which distances nearly 2,000 kilometers on the western coast of the country. Environment Secretary Roy Cimatu said that he hoped the cleanup drive would be a progress. 'This is a battle that will be won not with force or arms but with the firm resolve to bring Manila Bay back to life,' he stated. 'With the commitment and determination of every Filipino to do his share in this rehabilitation effort, we have already won the battle for Manila Bay.' 'We cannot afford to prolong this cleanup activity because this has long been neglected,' he added. 'Manila Bay is not a lost cause. 'The bay, famous for its sunset views, has a coastline of 190km that is dotted with commercial establishments such as restaurants and hotels, as well as factories and Manila's main port terminals.

More than 1 million informal settlers also live along estuaries that discharge into Manila Bay. Also on Sunday, authorities ordered three restaurants to pay penalties of up to 200,000 pesos (S$5,148) after inspection showed their facilities were dumping waste water into Manila Bay. An inn, two commercial buildings, a private ferry terminal, a residential building and another restaurant were also given notices of violations and told to immediately implement corrective measures (Sraightstimes, 2019).

Most of the people are not mindful on what can it really do to each and one of us. But if the people take turns in solving this problem it will be possible to make a change. This research will take turns to give help in introducing what really is waste to people and guide them to lessen with the support from itself to be able to build a better community and world.

Trees are one of the living things that is very important to humans. With the help of the trees, the trees are the ones that are responsible to resist flooding and landslides, by holding the soil with their roots and absorbing water. Trees can also supply materials and foods.

Rainforests around the globe are in complete danger. Food and Agriculture Organization’s 2016 State of the Forests record exposed that 7 million hectares of forest are lost yearly whereas agricultural land develops by 6 million. The ;argest threat to forests nowadays is industrial agriculture manufacture of products like Conflict Palm Oil, fabric, paper and logging. Solely 4 billion hectares of forest stay globally according to Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2015. IntactForests.org concludes that intact forest landscapes from 2000-2013 were reduced globally by 70,000 square kilometers per year (about the size of Costa Rica) for a total of 919,000 square kilometers. As to the “number of trees” this represents, it’s impossible to get an accurate count. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year.

Exposure to wood dust has been associated with health issues due to the natural chemicals in the wood, or substances in the wood such as bacteria, molds, or fungi. Wood dust is considered carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC states that wood dust causes cancer of the nasal cavity (nose area) and paranasal sinuses (spaces in and around the nasal cavity) and of the nasopharynx (upper part of the throat, behind the nose). Wood dust is also associated with toxic effects, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, dermatitis, and respiratory system effects which include decreased lung capacity and allergic reactions (CCOHS, 2017).

Also, according to CCOHS, 2017, wood dust or shavings are created during all stages of wood processing such as sawing, routing, sanding and other operations. Workers can also be exposed when the dust becomes airborne such as when removing dust from furniture, maintenance activities, or when cleaning equipment (e.g., emptying the bag from a dust extraction system or vacuum). Irritation, coughing or sneezing are caused by the dust itself. Exposure to excessive amounts of wood dust may irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Workers may also experience shortness of breath, dryness and sore throat, conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eye), and rhinitis (runny nose).

Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) are defined as composite materials containing wood (in various forms) and thermoplastic materials. These materials are a relatively new family of composite materials, in which a natural fiber and/or filler (such as wood fiber/flour, kenaf fiber, hemp, sisal, etc.) is mixed with a thermoplastic such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly vinyl chloride (PVC), etc. Compared with the traditional synthetic fillers, natural fillers present lower density, less abrasiveness, lower cost, and they are renewable and biodegradable. WPCs are becoming more and more commonplace by the development of new production techniques and processing equipment. Around 100 companies involved in WPC manufacturing have been identified worldwide (Clemons, 1992).

The predominant technologies to produce WPCs are extrusion to obtain endless profiles and injection molding leading to three-dimensional forms. Another possibility which has only been little explored is to produce WPCs on a flat-press. The advantage of this technology is that only a relatively low pressure level is required, compared to extrusion and injection molding. As a consequence, the natural wood structure is maintained, resulting in a considerably reduced material density. The productivity of the pressing technology is much higher than that of extrusion and injection molding (Chaharmahali, Tajvidi, & Najafi, 2008).

Carabao mango variety with 22.56 thousand metric tons production during the time gave the largest share of 81.7 percent to the total production of the mangoes. The product that the researchers are going to do wanted to help the environment and make things that people think are useless into something very usable. Womabloc can be used to build furniture, houses and buildings.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, recorded during October to December of 2018, 0.5 percent has increased in mango production; it has reached the level of 27.62 thousand metric tons. This was 131 metric tons higher than the 2017 level of 27.49 thousand metric tons. The greatest share of 26.0 percent to total mango production was Zamboanga Peninsula, next was Caraga and Northern Mindanao with 24.1 percent and 15.4 percent, correspondingly.

A relatively large body of published literature in the area of virgin fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites exists (Nabi Saheb & Jog, 1999; Lundin et al., 2004; Foulk et al., 2004; Selke & Wichman, 2004; Herrera-Franco & Valadez-Gonzalez, 2005; Ashori & Nourbakhsh, 2008). These studies have successfully proven their applicability to various fields of technical applications, especially for load-bearing applications. However, work done on recycled plastic/wood fiber systems is still limited.

In a study in 2013, wood-plastic composite was produced using waste sanding dusts (Madhoushi, Chavooshi, Ashori, Ansell & Shakeri, 2013). The study also evaluated its suitability as reinforcement for thermoplastics as an alternative to wood fibers. The effects of sanding dust loading and nanoclay content on the physical and mechanical properties were also observed. While a study in 2011 investigated the effects of chemical blowing agent (CBA) contents and particle sizes on the properties of foamed poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC)/rice hull (RH) composites (Petchwattana & Covavisaruch, 2011).

In a report released a few years ago, the Ocean Conservancy singled out the Philippines as one of five countries from where majority of plastics originates. Also on the list were China, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. “As rapidly developing economies, these countries are now passing through a typical stage of economic growth as consumer demand for disposable products grows more rapidly than the waste management infrastructure,” the report said (Tacio,2018).

The word plastic is derived from the Greek plastikos, which means “capable of being shaped or molded.” It refers to their malleability or plasticity during manufacture, which allows them to be cast, pressed, or extruded into a variety of shapes – such as films, fibers, plates, tubes, bottles, boxes, and much more. Various plastics are used in the manufacture of each consumer item. For fibers and textiles, polyester (PES) is used while carbonated drinks bottles, peanut butter jars, plastic film, and microwaveable packaging, the material used is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is used for detergent bottles, milk jugs, and molded plastic cases.

These days, plastics are part of the daily life of a Fiipino, according to Juvinia P. Serafin, senior environmental management specialist of the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), a line agency of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). Plastics come in the form of credit cards, food containers and packages, utensils, sachet packs, kitchen wares, toys, and furniture. According to the Washington, D.C.-based Worldwatch Institute, 50% of the plastic the world produces is used once and discarded. “Globally, we discard 500 billion plastic bags,” it reports. “We recycle only 5% of the plastic we produce. Sunshine breaks plastic down into smaller pieces, but it does not go away.” (Tacio,2018).

There are many ways plastic is useful, but the thing is many people do not take place and just took it as a piece of trash instead. Plastics do affect human health, damage our and environment and threaten the wildlife. But with this it can be proven that it can be helpful and effective in terms of this research project.

These three materials: wood shavings, mango seeds and plastic bottles, are often thrown and not use in other products. The researcher will use these materials in order to not put them to waste and look at other possibilities to help and preserve the environment. Wood shavings and mango seeds are things that the people might think that are unworkable but the researchers thought the opposite. The researchers are going to make a product out of these, plastic is going to be the binder for it to become as one. With the help of the workers that press wood into plywood, the product Womabloc will be possible to be created.