The History Of Cloning & My Attitude To Human Cloning

Human cloning will happen but at a price. Variation will get lower because we are making replicas of the humans. This might sound crazy but I think there's a chance that high power countries using cloning to make armies of soldier like movies. By using only one DNA. Cloning is very expensive. According to the Center for genetics and society countries like India, United Kingdom and Colombia have prohibited attempts to clone humans. But in the future i think scientists will use cloning to save animals that are in danger of going extinct. The cloning of animals have been successfully. One of the most famous cases of cloning is the sheep Dolly. She was born on the 5th of July 1996.

Cloning A clone is a organism that is a genetically copy of its donor (The organism that the clone is a copy of). A clone has the same DNA as the donor. A clone can happen through many ways. Clones can occur naturally through identical twins. But the their way is that the clones are made trough labs. Many people think that biologists just recently started developing cloning. But Cloning is something that has been going on for a while, the developing of cloning has been happening since 1885 when it was first presented by 1885- Han Adolf Eduard Driesch.

The first person to show that you could separate two urchin embryos. When spilt the cells grew into two separate the urchins. He had showed by the demonstration that each cell in embryo has a potential to grow into organisms. Later other scientist tried to separate the cells in the embryo. 1902 - Hans Spemann. He separated cells in the embryo of a salamander and the result was two grown salamander. He separated and tighten it with a thin noose the embryo until it split. Later he tried to dividing other more advanced embryos but not successful.

But in 1928 he tried again but with more advanced salamander embryo. But this time he only let the embryo divide from one side by pressing a fertilized egg in order to move the nucleus to one side. After making 16 cells (four cell divisions) he loosen the noose in order for the nucleus move to the side that is not dividing. After he separate the cell from the rest of the embryo and the cel grew into a salamander. Later in 1958 Robert Briggs and Thomas king successfully did the first nuclear transfer by putting in the nucleus of a from a early tadpole embryo into a frog enucleated egg (an egg that the nucleus have been removed) and it became a tadpole.

Later a couple of other scientists used nuclear transfer to make clones and embryonic nuclear transfer. Making clones of animals. But one of the more popular cases is Dolly the sheep that was cloned on the 1996 using somatic nuclear transfer. This got a lot of media's attention and there were debates going around if cloning is right or not. Somatic nuclear transfer is when you take a cell from the organism for example from the skin. Because the nucleus is inside the cell. The nucleus is where the DNA is stored. You also need a enucleated egg so you can transfer the nucleus into the egg. You can get the eggs from the ovary.

When putting in the cell labs use a machine called electro cell manipulator, it gives it short electrical shocks. It activates and makes it dombine the membrane of the egg and cell and that creates a fertilized embryo. Then you put the cloned embryos in the surrogates ovaries and uterus. The chances of it getting pregnant is not very high at about 40 % but if the procedure doesn't work the labs have to find the error and correct it and find a new surrogate mother. Even do the clone is a replica of the animal that it is a clone of the clone won’t have the same personality because that is environmental and can change depending of the environment it lives in.

This is a asexuek reproductrion because their is only one parti and it’s giving 100% of its DNA not like a sexual reproduction where there is 50% from each parent. There is also no father or mother to the clone. But only the organism that it is made from. Cloning influences in the future I believe that cloning will have a massive effect on our society if we can develop a good enough technology to make clones of animals and humans. We can potentially save animals that are highly at risk at getting extinct. This will make the possibility of animals getting extinct minimal. But what if we develop a human cloning technology what will happen? I think human cloning has pros and cons.

If we can develop cloning and get a expanded knowledge of curse to for example cancer it would save millions of life. The cons of cloning are many. If we start duplicating clones what happens to variation among human. The thing that makes us special are our traits and our features. By cloning human we would decrease variation among humans and after many years there won’t be any variation left other than our personality and opinions. The factors that are environmental. The other thing is that if we would clones we would just expanded the earth's population and the pollution would grow. The natural resources would minimize and there would not be enough for everyone and in the end we would not have enough place in earth to have all these people because of the population.

The technology needed to make clones is very expensive and the success rate of cloning being successful is very low. I think clones will definitely be used as soldier in wars like movies like star wars. Making huge armies of only one DNA making them the same. I also think cloning will be used as a tool for powerful people to live immortal lives so they could always rule over other people. This would cause many problems in the society and i don’t think it’s worth it. But I do think we should use it to save endangered species if the technology would go that far. Overall I think cloning should only be used to cure diseases and save endangered species and not make life a morality and remove the variation among humans.