Introduction Typhoid fever is refered one of the world's main causes illness also death. This infectious disease is caused by Gram- negative bacteria called Salmonella. Infection with salmonella in humans can be classified into two wide kinds created by low- virulence serotypes of Salmonella enterica...
The purpose of the experiment is to test the effect of alternative medical therapies on E coli Cultures. The control of the experiment will be the E. Coli culture that has no medicine applied. The dependent variable is the zone of inhibition while the independent...
Despite having a great immune system, we, humans, cannot still fight dangerous pathogens such as bacteria or fungi and our contemporary civilization is still dependant on other various means of coping with them; thus we rely on modern-day technology to sustain this need. In this...
At its core the Walkerton Water Crisis of May 2000, occurred because a well operator did not check that sufficient chlorine residual was present in the water pumping from well 5 in Walkerton township. The town of Walkerton had received over 134 mm of rain...
The United States of America is in constant danger of biological terrorism despite efforts to upgrade and maintain security and protection against such threats. In the last ten years, the United States has actually become increasingly vulnerable to large bioterrorism assaults. The term Bioterrorism makes...
Abstract Bacterial persister cells constitute a subpopulation of genetically identical, metabolically slow-growing cells that are highly tolerant of antibiotics and other environmental stress conditions. Studies have demonstrated that gene loci known as toxin-antitoxin (TA) system play a central role in the persister state. Under normal...
Some organisms are inherently resistant to an antimicrobial compound or drug due to simply lacking the target site it acts upon or because of an inability for that agent to accumulate to a biologically effective concentration. Intrinsic resistance may occur because of exposure to the...
Introduction: Nitrogenous waste is voided in various forms in different types of species as ammonia, urea and uric acid. Birds are for the most part accepted in all circumstances as uricotelic. Uricotelic discharge over half of their nitrogenous squanders as uric corrosives and uric salts...
Pharmacogenetics has the capability of having a key role in the delivery of personalised medicine based on the genotypic and/or phenotypic data of a patient. However, there are substantial differences in the pharmacokinetics of therapeutics that, in some cases, may be due to the microbiome...
Purpose In this experiment five different samples from the environment are collected and cultivated to examine the microorganisms present in the immediate environment. The samples taken were from a door handle, foot, the inside of an incubator, a forehead, and a sink handle. The samples...
Introduction Salmonella is a bacteria that infects intestinal tract. It consists of a group of bacteria that leads to typhoid fever, gastroenteritis, enteric fever, and food poisoning. Naturally, the bacteria are rod-shaped, gram-negative and with a cell composed of peptidoglycan. In Microbiology, gram-negative is a...
Mycoplasma is a bacterial species that has no cell wall around its cell membrane (Beachey, 2015). Thus, due to the lack of a cell membrane, they are not affected by antibiotics such as penicillin and beta-lactam, which normally targets synthesis of the cell wall. Consequently,...
Introduction The identification of bacteria, or what Steel refers to as the practical application of taxonic knowledge, is vital and pertinent to an array of fields (Steel 1965). Identifying bacteria can aid epidemiologists in tracing the sources of infections and addressing these sources to prevent...
Water Coliform Contamination Assignment Introduction Coliform bacteria, a type of bacteria found in soil, vegetation, and in the feces of animals and humans, are often used to gauge water supply contamination by intestinal parasites and pathogens (Treyens 2009). Although there are multiple means by which...
National Action Plan For Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Introduction Since the discovery of penicillin, Antibiotics continues to play a crucial role in the healthcare sector by saving millions of lives of over the world. It is therefore disturbing to realize that some bacteria are becoming drug...
It is estimated that the digestive tract contains trillions of bacteria. In recent years, research has shown that the gut microbiota is connected to healthy digestion, disease, and the immune system. It has become apparent that the bacteria in your gut is vital to the...
Cyanobacteria (including genus Synechococcus) contribute to a vital role in the primary productivity in the coastal ecosystems, and prevail in huge concentrations in seas and oceans (Scanlan and West, 2002; Waterbury et al., 1986). Co-existence of distinct inherent groups of Synechococcus spp. at a single...
Vibrio Vulnificus (Vv) occurs naturally and found in Free State in maritime and estuarine environment all over the world. This bacterium prefers to grow in tropical and subtropical climate and favorable temperatures are 9 to 31°C which shows that it is found in warmer marine...
Vibrio Vulnificus (Vv) is a type of gram-negative bacteria which is generally found in estuarine and maritime environment which majorly causes contamination in seafood like shellfish and planktons. It is a movable and rod-shaped bacteria which has single polar flagellum and salt-loving in nature. It...
One of the most dreaded zoonotic diseases worldwide that spreads out the most during the rainy season, usually between the months of July-October when flash floods occur, is leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira bacteria. These bacteria are present in the urine and tissues of cattle, pigs,...
Introduction In this study, we conducted a thorough screening of 285 bacterial colonies from various Tea gardens in the Terai, Dooars, and Darjeeling regions. The screening was based on their salt and antibiotic tolerance properties. Bacterial isolates demonstrating good tolerance to these abiotic stresses were...
The isolated selected bacteria were considered for response properties study against several manures, other than organic or biomanure or bacterial fertilizer used in tea field and some herbicide. Most of the tested bacterial isolate showed tolerance against urea, potassium chloride, and single super phosphate rendering...
Studies have evidently proved that the rhizospheric micro flora include both deleterious and beneficial elements which have the potential to influence both plant growth and crop yields significantly (Kleopper, 1994; Adesmoye and Kloepper, 2009). Rhizospheric micro-organisms were classified as beneficial (symbiotic) or harmful (pathogenic) or...
In order to increase the performance of bioreactors, i.e. process stability and biogas production, organic and inorganic additives used during AD process. Although, results of experimental researches revealed that some additives can cause inhibitory effect, mainly as a result of high ion concentration in the...
Salmonella Typhimurium is the model organism for severe food-borne illnesses in humans and other food producing animals. While causing acute self-limiting gastroenteritis, it causes a more severe illness in immunocompromised patients. Salmonella Typhimurium toxicity is due to the outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides(LPS) that protect the...
Background Aspergillosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis are the most common fungi's causing disorder in areas that have a warm and moist climate . They can cause wide variety of diseases such as athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm which either can spread directly or...
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